| 释义 |
piezo-|paɪˈiːzəʊ, ˈpaɪɪzəʊ|
used as a combining form from Gr. πιέζειν to press, squeeze; as in piezo-crystal, a piezo-electric crystal used in an electrical circuit; piezo-crystalliˈzation Geol. [ad. G. piezokrystallisation (E. Weinschenk 1895, in Abhandl. d. Bayerischen Akad. d. Wissensch. (Math.-phys. Klasse) XVIII. 741)], crystallization of a magma, usu. in a distinctive or abnormal manner, under conditions of mechanical stress; (? obs.); piezoˈmagnetism [ad. G. piezomagnetismus (W. Voigt 1901, in Nachrichten v. d. K. Ges. d. Wissensch. zu Göttingen (Math.-phys. Klasse) I. 1)], magnetism induced in a crystal by the application of mechanical stress; hence piezomagˈnetic a., of, pertaining to, or exhibiting piezomagnetism; piezoreˈsistance, -resiˈstivity, change in the electrical resistance or resistivity of a solid when subjected to mechanical stress; freq. attrib.; so piezoreˈsistive a., of, pertaining to, or utilizing this effect.
1928Exper. Wireless July 414/2 (caption) Mounting piezo crystals. 1936Amer. Speech XI. 95/2 A piezo-crystal cutter for aluminum discs with which frequencies from 40 to 10,000 cycles can be recorded. 1958Engineering 31 Jan. 160/3 An alternative type of drum is the large sheet of steel with a piezo-crystal fixed to a particular part of it.
1903A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 4) II. 718 He [sc. Weinschenk] believes that rock to have been part of a normal granitic magma which crystallized under abnormal conditions, and that it owes its mineralogical composition and characteristic foliated structure..to the peculiar relations of tension accompanying the plication of the mountains. To these relations he has given the name of ‘piezocrystallization’. 1938A. Johannsen Descr. Petrogr. Igneous Rocks IV. 79 The parallel texture is seen in dynamometamorphosed rocks or in border facies. In the latter case it may be due to piezocrystallization, for the feldspars also are often more or less parallel. 1954R. L. Parker tr. Niggli's Rocks & Min. Deposits xiv. 523 Effects of stress on partly solidified material. Such effects leave their impression on stuctures and textures and are responsible for the piezo-crystallization of magmas.
1901Sci. Abstr. A. IV. 1043 The recorded observations determine, for the pyro- and piezo-magnetic excitement, only superior limiting values. 1959Physics & Chem. of Solids XI. 77/2 The piezomagnetic moment will be reversed in sign when the antiferromagnetic sublattice magnetizations are reversed in sign. 1972Nature 8 Dec. 348/2 Both volcanic eruptions and the San Andreas creep increments are very imperfectly understood so that a large scale control experiment which demonstrates quantitatively the role of the piezomagnetic effect in producing local magnetic anomalies is very desirable. 1978Ibid. 9 Mar. 130/1 When a stress is applied to, or removed from, a rock there is a distortion of crystal structure which often gives rise to a small change in the rock's remanent magnetisation. This is known as the piezomagnetic effect and has an obvious application to the prediction of earthquakes.
1901Sci. Abstr. A. IV. 1043 (heading) Pyro- and piezo-magnetism of crystals. 1931S. R. Williams Magn. Phenomena v. 164 With the advent of the electron theory of matter,..physicists began to inquire as to the possibility of the phenomena of pyro- and piezo-magnetism. 1967Condon & Odishaw Handbk. Physics (ed. 2) iv. viii. 143/1 In antiferromagnetic crystals of sufficiently low symmetry, such as CoF2 and MnF2, the magnetic analogue of piezoelectricity, piezomagnetism, can occur. 1978Nature 9 Mar. 130/1 In practice, piezomagnetism has been of little use in earthquake prediction.
1954Physical Rev. XCIV. 42/2 The piezoresistance results for germanium and silicon..have been expressed in terms of the pressure coefficient of resistivity and two simple shear coefficients. 1970Jrnl. Appl. Physics XLI. 811/2 (heading) Piezo⁓resistance in SnTe. Ibid., The piezoresistance effect has been used in the past with success in determining the symmetry of the bands in various semiconductors.
1935J. W. Cookson in Physical Rev. XLVII. 194/2 It is herein meant by the piezo-resistive effect that change in electrical resistance which a homogeneous body undergoes when subjected to mechanical stress. 1963Jrnl. Appl. Physics XXXIV. 684/2 The piezoresistive effect in semiconductors..is generally a result of the dependence of the electronic energy levels of a crystal on the state of strain in the crystal. 1973Physics Bull. Dec. 743/3 The cartridge consists of an elastic stainless steel cantilever on to which a pair of silicon piezoresistive strain gauges have been fused.
1958Solid State Physics VI. 232 The most important examples of unsymmetrical fourth rank properties and the classical piezooptic effect (photoelasticity) and the piezoresistivity effect. 1965Wireless World Aug. 380/2 Although carbon has been used as the sensitive element in pressure transducers, piezo-resistivity in ordinary carbon composition resistors appears to have attracted little attention. |