| 释义 |
‖ pietra|piˈetra|
Pl. pietre |-e|.
The Italian for ‘stone’; occurring in Italian phrases, more or less in current use in the terminology of art, etc. a. pietra commessa |komˈmɛssa|, pl. commesse |-e| [fem. of commesso, pa. pple. of commettere to fit together]: mosaic work; an example of this.
a1666Evelyn Diary an. 1644 (1955) II. 191 Here were divers incomparable tables of Pietra Commessa, which is a marble ground inlayd with severall sorts of marbles & stones of divers colours, in the shapes of flowers, trees, beasts, birds & Landskips like the natural. a1668R. Lassels Voy. Italy (1670) II. 220 A curious table of pietre commesse about 12 foot long & 5 wide. 1766Smollett Trav. II. xxviii. 70 These pietre commesse are better calculated for cabinets, than for ornaments to great buildings. 1848H. R. Forster Stowe Catal. 287 A box, with slabs of pietre commesse, of birds, fruits, and flowers.
b. pietra dura |ˈdura|, pl. dure |-e| [fem. of duro hard]: (see quot. 1962); also (sing. and pl.) mosaic work of such stones; also attrib.
1805P. Beckford Familiar Lett. from Italy I. 148 The best part of the furniture is the inlaid tables in Pietra Dura, a work of great labour and great expence. 1845R. Ford Hand-bk. for Travellers Spain II. 580/2 Observe the Florentine pulpit of Pietre dure. 1901‘L. Malet’ Hist. R. Calmady iii. v. 199 Certain treasures, unique in historic worth, locked in the glass tables and fine Florentine and piétra dura cabinets of the Long Gallery. 1942Burlington Mag. Apr. 87/1 The chief piece of furniture mentioned is the enormous cabinet of pietra dura that now stands in the ballroom at Badminton. 1961Connoisseur Dec. p. xxxiii, Louis XVI cabinets..inset with panels of pietre dure in the form of flat mosaics of different birds. 1962R. G. Haggar Dict. Art Terms 259/1 Pietra dura,..those stones which, mainly composed of silicates, are in English generally described as semiprecious stones. Pietra dura were much used for altar frontals, table⁓tops, and the like in the sixteenth century. 1970Oxf. Compan. Art 871/1 Pietre dure... A term applied to a particular kind of mosaic work in which coloured stones..are used to imitate as far as possible the effect of painting. 1976Country Life 27 May (Suppl.) 47 A Florentine pietra dura casket with ormolu mounts.
c. pietra serena |seˈrena| [fem. of sereno clear]: a bluish sandstone much used for building in Florence and throughout Tuscany; also attrib.
1873S. & J. Horner Walks in Florence II. xxii. 296 The aisles are carried round the nave and transepts by a line of handsome columns, of pietra-serena, with Corinthian capitals. 1888G. J. Oakeshott Detail & Ornament of Ital. Renaissance Pl. 37 Examples of Corbels from Florence, Siena etc..in pietra serena by Donatello in the Bargello. 1927E. W. Anthony Early Florentine Archit. & Decoration x. 69 The sculpture of the Gothic period, in general, gives up the decorated backgrounds of the older school, and the reliefs are executed in white marble or pietra serena. 1931R. Fry Let. 22 July (1972) II. 661 It's odd that Florence..couldn't make a city and these rather second-rate Bolognese could—it's true they had brick instead of that abominable pietra-serena. 1971F. M. Godfrey Ital. Archit. up to 1750 iv. 198 The interior differs from the Cappella Pazzi by the stressed corner pilasters in dark pietra serena, supporting the arches at the joints. 1975Ashmolean Mus. Rep. Visitors 1973–74 34 The present building with its pietra serena pilasters and window frames, so characteristic of Renaissance architecture in Tuscany. |