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▪ I. † pier, n.1 Obs. rare.
[a. OF. piere, pierre stone:—L. petra, Gr. πέτρα rock.]
A stone: in fraunche pier, F. franche pierre, freestone; precious pier, F. pierre précieuse, precious stone.
a1400–50Alexander 4356 Ne nouthire housing we haue, ay quils we here duell Bot at is fetid of flesch & of na fraunche piers. Ibid. 5270 Onycles & orfrays & orient perles..with þire precious piers of paradise stremes.
▪ II. pier, n.2|pɪə(r)|
Forms: 2–4 per, 4–8 pere, 5–8 peer, (6 piere, pyre, pyerre), 6–7 peere, peir, pire, (8 peor), 6– pier.
[In 12th c. per, rendering med.L. pera (prob. pēra), of unknown origin.
It was suggested by Lambard, Spelman, and Du Cange, that pera was derived from OF. piere or L. petra stone, but this satisfies neither the phonetics nor the signification. There is an OF. (Picard and Flamand) word pire (rarely piere Godef.), meaning a breakwater or barricade of piles, a weir on a river, a boom defending a harbour, which might perh. have given the sense, but it is difficult to equate the form with pēra and pēr.]
1. One of the supports of the spans of a bridge, whether arched or otherwise formed.
(Appears in 12th c. and then not till end of 14th; examples not numerous till 17th c.)
c1150Rochester Bridge-bote Charter in Birch Cart. Sax. III. 657 Primum ejusdem civitatis episcopus incipit operari in orientali brachio [pontis] primam peram de terra: deinde tres virgatas planeas ponere, & tres sulinas .i. tres magnas trabes supponere... Secunda pera pertinet ad gillingeham & de cætham [etc.]. Ibid. 659 [OE. version] ærest þære burᵹe biscop fæhð on þone earm to wercene þa land peran & þreo ᵹyrda to þillianne, & iii sylla to lyccanne... Ðonne seo oþer per ᵹebyrað to gyllingeham & to Cætham [etc.; nine examples of per]. c1380Sir Ferumb. 1682 Sixty pers [error for arches, F. xxx ars] þar buþ þar-on þat buth grete & rounde. Ibid. 1684 Oppon ech pere þar stent a tour [F. x breteques y a, chascune sor piler] enbataild wyþ queynte engynne. c1440Promp. Parv. 394/1 Pere, or pyle of a brygge, or other fundament, pila. 1624Wotton Archit. in Reliq. (1651) 238 Pilasters must not be..too Dwarfish and grosse, lest they imitate the Piles and Peers of Bridges. 1718Rowe tr. Lucan iv. 24 A stable Bridge runs cross from Side to Side,..And jutting Peers the wint'ry Floods abide. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) III. 133 The harbour of Puzzuolo..is formed by fourteen piers, or pilasters, rising above the surface of the water, which were anciently joined together by arches. 1761Brit. Mag. II. 333 Tuesday, June 23. The first stone of the first pier of Black-Friars bridge, was laid. a1842Arnold Later Hist. Rome (1846) II. xii. 419 The emperor Hadrianus..took away all the upper part of the bridge, and left merely the piers standing. 1866Brande & Cox Dict. Sc. II. 902/2 An abutment pier in a bridge is that next the shore; and, generally, this is made of a greater mass than the intermediate piers.
2. a. A solid structure of stone, or of earth faced with piles, extending into the sea or a tidal river to protect or partially enclose a harbour and form a landing-place for vessels; a breakwater, a mole; in modern times, also of iron or wood, open beneath and supported on columns or piles, forming a pleasure promenade and place of resort, or combining this purpose with that of a landing-place; also, a projecting landing-stage or jetty on the bank of a river or lake, as the piers on the Thames in London.
[1390Pat. Roll 14 Rich. II, ii. m. 44 Concessimus vobis in auxilium construccionis cuiusdam pere per vos iam nouiter pro saluacione et defensione nauium et batellorum in Conuerso vocato Crowemere.] 1453in W. Rye Cromer (1889) 56 note, [Will of John Bound, leaving] sustentacioni fretisfragii alias vocati le pere viij.s. 1487Ibid., [Will of Rich. Fenne] emend' le peer [3s 4d]. 1511Regist. Mag. Sig. Reg. Scot. (1882) 764/1 Rex..concessit preposito [etc.] burgi de Edinburgh..le Newhavin..libertate, et spatio, ad edificandum et prolungandum munitionem, viz. le pere et bulwark ejusdem. 1515Aberdeen Regr. (1844) 94 To the reparatioun and biggin of thar common peir and key. 1530Test. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 300 (Will of J. Ledum, Whitby) Also to the peir, if it go furthwardes, xls. 1530–1in Chron. Calais (Camden) 123 Also the pere that standeth in the Fishers gapp, must be new made. 1545Act 37 Hen. VIII, c. 14 (Preamble) Shippes Bootes and Vesselles..within the Key or Peere in the Haven of Scardburghe. 1546Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 39 To pass to the mercat croces of Edinburgh..Quenisferrie, pere and schore of Leith, Dunde,..and uthair places neidfull. 1551in W. Rye Cromer (1889) 57 The same Inhabytantes hathe..defended the same by makyng of grete peeres. 1559Acts Privy Council (1893) VII. 82 Sent to Dovour to vieu..the state of the blacke Bulwerke and pyerre there. 1559Contn. Fabyan's Chron. vii. 706 The toune of Lithe also, and the hauen and pire destroied. 1572J. Bossewell Armorie ii. 65 The mole or pere whiche Alexander the great had caused to bee made agaynste the citie of Tyre. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. i. x. 26 b, There is a certain Piere or recife wheron the sea doth beat. 1610B. Jonson Alch. iii. iii, Our Castle, our cinque-Port, Our Douer pire. 1626Bacon Sylva §658 Timber..some are best for..Peers, that are sometimes Wet and some-times dry. 1656Blount Glossogr., Peere,..seems properly to be a Fortress made against the force of the Sea. 1677Otway Cheats of Scapin ii. i, We went to walk upon the Pier. 1708J. C. Compl. Collier (1845) 52 There wants a Peor, as at Whitby and Burlington. 1721Perry Daggenh. Breach 33 He then resolv'd to square and compleat his Jetties, or Peers. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. II. 121 To carry out a Pier into the Sea in order to fortifie a Port. 1823Lady Granville Lett. (1894) I. 239, I have been all the morning on the Chain Pier [Brighton], which is delicious. 1852Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 160 They..offered to land us at any pier we liked. 1884Pae Eustace 119 The boats to be at the pier at noon.
transf.1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 161 This [beaver] dam, or pier, is often four score or an hundred feet long, and ten or twelve feet thick at the base. 1853Phillips Rivers Yorks. iv. 143 Nature has run out immoveable piers of hard lias shale with a long deep channel between them.
†b. transf. A haven. Obs.
a1552Leland Itin. (1711) II. 60 [This] makith the Fascion of an Havenet, or Pere, whither Shippelettes sumtime resorte for socour. Ibid. III. 9 The Pere [at Pendinas] is sore chokid with Sande. 1600Holland Livy xxviii. vi. 671 It maketh a shew of a double peere or haven [portus], opening upon two divers mouths, but in very truth, ther is not..a worse harborogh, & a more daungerous rode for ships. 1622R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 239 The cittie..hath also a pere in itselfe for small barkes; at full sea it may have some sixe or seaven foote water, but at low water it is drie. 1721Perry Daggenh. Breach 110 Preventing the rolling of the Beach from choaking up the Entrance into the Peer. Ibid. 114 Scowering away the Beach from the Mouth of the Peer.
3. Arch. and Building. A solid support of masonry or the like designed to sustain vertical pressure:
a. A square pillar or pilaster;
b. The solid masonry between doors, windows, or other openings in a wall;
c. Each of the pillars from which an arch springs;
d. Each of the pillars or posts of a gate or door;
e. A solid structure of masonry or ironwork supporting a telescope or other large instrument.
1663Gerbier Counsel 44 So must well proportioned window-cases be,..that the peeres of Brick or Stone between them, will fall to be of a fit width. 1666Act 18 & 19 Chas. II, c. 8 §6 That there shall be Partie walls and Partie peeres sett out equally on each Builders ground. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Peer..also a solid Wall between two Doors or Windows; also a sort of square Pillar. 1710J. Harris Lex. Techn. II, Peers, in Architecture, are a kind of Pilasters or Buttresses for Support, Strength, and sometimes Ornament. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Greenhouse, The Front [of a greenhouse] towards the South should be all of Glass,..there ought to be no Peers of Brick-work, or Timber in the glaz'd Part, for they cast more Shade into the House. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 291 The mode, now commonly adopted, of constructing arches between piers of stone. 1836Parker Gloss. Archit. (1845) I. 283 Pier,..this name is often given to the pillars in Norman and Gothic architecture, but not very correctly. 1842–76Gwilt Archit. §2734 The composition..of gates and their piers. 1870F. R. Wilson Ch. Lindisf. 140 The Saxon [tower] lay in ruins, save the piers. 1879Sir G. G. Scott Lect. Archit. I. iii. 135 The piers destined to bear several arches divide themselves into as many columns as there are arches. 1883Knowledge 15 June 357/2 To mount to the top of the pier and lubricate..the joints of the giant [telescope].
f. transf. and fig.
1611in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 113 By the King's summons to the parliament..as piers and strong rocks in the common⁓wealth. 1889J. M. Duncan Clin. Lect. Dis. Women xxii. (ed. 4) 188 It lies between the posterior pier of a labium and the adjoining tuber ischii.
†4. Short for pier-glass. Obs. rare.
1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) II. 49, I dashed the piers and jars to shivers.
5. attrib. and Comb., as (in sense 2) pier-crane, pier-fishing, pier-man, pier-master, pier-shed, pier-warden; (in sense 3) pier-mullion, pier-order, pier-stone; pier-supported adj.; pier-arch, an arch springing from piers; so pier-arcade; pier-cap, the cap of a gate-pier; pier-looking-glass, -mirror = pier-glass; † pier-reeve, the officer in charge of a pier, a pier-master; pier-stake, one of the columns or piles on which a pier is supported; pier-table, a low table or bracket occupying the space between two windows, often under a pier-glass.
1879Sir G. G. Scott Lect. Archit. I. 117 The triforium was united with the *pier-arcade.
1842–76Gwilt Archit. Gloss., *Pier Arch, an arch springing from a pier. 1843Ecclesiologist II. 51 A single arch of the same breadth as the pier-arch.
1897Daily News 3 June 3/3 Charged..with wilfully damaging a *pier-cap.
1894Westm. Gaz. 22 Oct. 5/3 At South Shields the *pier-crane was washed away.
1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman xxii. (1841) I. 207 Two large *pier looking-glasses, and one chimney-glass are in the shop.
1897Westm. Gaz. 30 Nov. 5/2 One *pierman..declared..that last night was the highest tide he had known.
1936J. Grierson High Failure ii. 27, I slept in the *piermaster's cottage in order to be as near my machine as possible. 1971Daily Tel. 16 July 7/1, I liked the pier⁓master, pompous but human in nautical beard and gold braid. 1976Southern Even. Echo (Southampton) 11 Nov. (Advt. Suppl.) 12/7 Fairey Yacht Harbours Pier Master required for yacht harbour.
1863O. W. Norton Army Lett. (1903) 185 *Pier mirrors twenty feet high on three sides of the room. 1969Sears Catal. Spring/Summer 1295, 2-piece pier table and mirror set.
1901P. M. Johnson in Archæol. Jrnl. Mar. 64 The east window consists of two broad lancets divided by a wide *pier-mullion.
1879Sir G. G. Scott Lect. Archit. II. 76 An arch-order may be moulded or otherwise decorated, while the corresponding *pier-order may remain square.
1591Replication in Rye Cromer (1889) p. lviii, He was lately *Pereive of the said Peire. Ibid. p. lix, Perereves.
1927Joyce On Beach at Fontana in Pomes Penyeach, Wind whines and whines the shingle, The crazy *pierstakes groan. 1955A. Ross Australia 55 ix. 122 Watching schools of parrot fish and pike twist among the pier-stakes.
1667Primatt City & C. Build. 68 *Peer-stones on both sides the Building, fronting high and principal Streets.
1803M. Wilmot Let. 25 July in Russ. Jrnls. (1934) i. 24 A *pier table furnish'd with splendid Gilt China cups and saucers ‘wisely kept for shew’. 1856Mrs. Hawthorne in N. Hawthorne & Wife (1885) II. 90 In front of a golden pier-table over which hung a vast mirror. 1952J. Gloag Short Dict. Furnit. 361 (caption) Pier glass and pier table, designed as a decorative unit. 1979W. J. Burley Charles & Elizabeth v. 81 A pair of carved and gilded pier tables with mirrors above.
1657in Sussex Archæol. Coll. (1862) XIV. 96 That all persons..bring the same [timbers, etc.] unto the *Peere Wardens.
Add:[2.] c. A long narrow structure projecting from the main body of an airport terminal, containing passenger boarding gates and loading stations. Cf. finger n. 8 c.
1958Times 30 May 7/6 Aircraft can taxi to the..900 ft. long glazed pier..which stretches out from the terminal to provide completely enclosed passenger access. 1968New Scientist 26 Sept. 640/2 There will be..a moving walkway along the pier to the two terminals [at Heathrow Airport]. 1976Times 27 Jan. 2/8 Concorde Alpha Alpha..left its pier exactly on time..but turned back before it reached the take-off runway. 1980Guardian Weekly 21 Sept. 29/4 The latest expansion programme has..provided..a third aircraft pier to handle long-haul flights. The three piers can handle..a total of 32 aircraft.
▪ III. pier, v. rare.|pɪə(r)|
[f. pier n.2]
a. trans. To provide with a pier.
b. intr. To reach out like a pier.
1857Trans. Mich. Agric. Soc. VIII. 731 If they can coax Uncle Sam to pier the outlet of that Lake and make it a splendid harbor for navigable purposes. 1951W. Sansom Face of Innocence iii. 25 Above them the curved glass cupola..that goes piering out over the garden. |