| 释义 |
▪ I. picker1|ˈpɪkə(r)|
[f. pick v.1 + -er1.]
1. generally. A person who picks.
a. One who picks, plucks off, or gathers (fruit, flowers, roots, hops, cotton, potatoes, etc.); one who picks up or collects (rags, refuse, etc.). Also a second element in numerous combinations, as fruit-picker, hop-picker, potato-picker, rag-picker, rag-and-bone-picker, etc.
1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 152 A Shed,..which will both defend your Pickers from the Sun, and your Hops. 1763Museum Rust. I. lx. 256 Pickers ready to gather up the roots as fast as they are thrown up by the spade. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 630 Such potatoes as may have escaped the pickers. 1861Illustr. Times 5 Oct. 221 The festoons [of hops]..already destined to the picker's bin. 1884Cassell's Family Mag. Feb. 156/2 The pickers, who are mostly Italians, gather {pstlg}150,000 worth [of rags] yearly in the streets and roads. 1893Daily News 5 Jan. 5/6 Forty-five thousand men and women..subsisting on pickings from household rubbish... There are pickers and pickers, grades, aristocrats and plebeians in this profession as in every other.
b. One who steals, esp. small things that may be readily picked up. pickers and stealers (see pick v.1 9 b, picking vbl. n.1 2), allusively, hands.
[1301–1549: see piker1.] 1526Tindale Tit. ii. 10 The servauntes exhorte to be obedient..nether be pickers. 1549Cheke Hurt Sedit. (1641) 21 Shall we call you pickers or hid theeves? 1552Huloet, Pycker or priuye stealer, furax, cis. 1580Orders for Orphanes A iv, If any womanchilde..be a common Picker. 1591Art. conc. Admiralty 21 July §42 Petite transgressors, or pickers, which haue stollen..Anchors, Cables,..girdles, Shirts, Breeches, or other small things whatsoeuer. 1602Shakes. Ham. iii. ii. 348 So I do still, by these pickers and stealers. 1775S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. x. I. 108 Their pickers and stealers were at liberty, to secrete certain portable moveables. 1822Scott Nigel Introd. Epistle, These unhappy pickers and stealers.
c. One who seeks occasion, as a picker of quarrels.
d. One who chooses out or selects.
e. One who picks a lock: see pick v.1 10.
1530in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 92 He is a comyn pyker of quarrells. 1564Rastell Confut. Jewell's Serm. 107 b, Peekers of quarells are abrode. 1617Minsheu Ductor, A Picker of quarrels, qui omnem captat litigandi ansam, & venatur. 1825Gentl. Mag. XCV. i. 216 It [the coffee-berry] is then winnoed, and goes into the hands of the pickers. 1830Cunningham Brit. Paint. I. 64 One who was no picker of paths. 1870Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. l. 17 There are pickers and choosers of God's word. 1888J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge xxi, The law..is, moreover, itself a picker of locks.
f. In various trades and occupations, a person who picks, in technical senses: e.g. (a) a wool-carder, a wool-picker; (b) one who touches up or removes slight defects in electrotypes; (c) a quarryman who uses a pick; (d) a fisherman who catches eels with a pick: see pick n.1 4 d.
(a) [1536Act 28 Hen. VIII, c. 4 §1 Weavers, tokers, spynners, diers, and wulpikers haue bene..withoute worke.] 1552Huloet, Pickers or toosars of wolle, carminarij.
(b)1882J. Southward Pract. Print. (1884) 600 The pickers are those who have the work of touching up electros. 1885C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts Ser. iv. 216/2 The picker's first duty is to chip down the ‘whites’ of the plate, so that they shall not take the ink in printing.
(c)1883Stonemason Jan., The face of the rock is first disturbed by a ‘picker’ who, standing on a stage, clears away by blows from a pick delivered horizontally, a space..about 5 feet through.
(d)1885Sat. Rev. 21 Nov. 673/1 The Norfolk⁓men mostly use ‘picks’ formed of four broad blades..mounted on long slender poles to enable them to be thrust into the mud. The ‘picker’ notices the..bubbles.
g. One who picks (pick v.1 12) or plucks the strings of a musical instrument such as the banjo or guitar; usu. with the name of the instrument prefixed.
1923in John Edwards Mem. Foundation Q. (1969) V. ii. 62 Old fiddlers and banjo pickers. 1934S. R. Nelson All about Jazz vi. 126 The modern method of picking and slapping on the bass was found to be much more rhythmic. So a race of pickers and slappers..sprang into being. 1951,1959[see guitar-picker s.v. guitar n. b]. 1964Amer. Folk Music Occasional i. 43, I know a banjo picker who hasn't performed for anyone except his wife for the last three years. 1969N. Cohn A Wop Bopa Loo Bop (1970) viii. 77 A strange city, filled to overflowing with guitar pickers by the thousand. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 23 Oct. 20/3 It's not a novel story. Country music is rife with legend about pickers hitting Lower Broad with a nickel and a song.
2. A tool or instrument for picking.
a. In agriculture: (a) A sort of mattock or pickax; (b) a tool for taking up turnips; (c) the part of a potato-digging and picking-machine which separates the potatoes from the soil; (d) a machine for gathering cotton in the field. Often in Comb. as potato-picker, turnip-picker.
1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 192 Having with an Iron Picker cleared away all the Earth out of the Hills, so as to make the Stock bare to the principal Roots [of the hops]. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 750 A tool which has the title of a picker. 1884Cassell's Family Mag. Feb. 189/2 The shaker or picker separates the tubers from the soil and delivers them to the rear of the machine. 1886C. Scott Sheep-Farming 69 A handy turnip hoe or picker, for picking up the shells of the roots.
b. In the textile industries: (a) A machine for separating and cleaning the fibres of cotton, wool, and the like; (b) an implement for burling cloth.
1795Edin. Advert. 6 Jan. 15/3 Five common carding engines, one waste engine, four pickers. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 379 The first machine..for the further clearing of the particles [of cotton] is called a picker. 1879Timbs in Cassell's Techn. Educ. viii. 128/2 The separate materials are first passed through a machine called a picker and blower.
c. In Mining and Metallurgy: in Cornwall, a miner's hand-chisel; a miner's needle for picking out the tamping of an unexploded charge. In Founding, a light pointed steel rod, used for lifting small patterns from the sand into which they have been rammed; a tool for piercing a mould.
1874J. H. Collins Metal Mining (1875) 62 The pickers used in the Western mines are longer and narrower. They are used, as the name implies, to pick out the small fragments of loose rock which wedge in larger portions in some situations. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Picker or Poker, a hand chisel for dzhuing, held in one hand and struck with a hammer.
d. The name of various tools: e.g.
A toothpick; a tool for picking stones from a horse's foot; a tool for clearing out small openings, as in a lamp or a powder-flask; a priming-wire for clearing the vent of a gun; a tool for scraping clod-salt from the bottom of a salt-pan; in brick-making, one of two spike-toothed horizontal shafts which revolve in opposite directions, and disintegrate the raw clay; a picklock; a needle for making anglers' flies; a tool, like a graver, used in touching up electrotypes.
1624Harington's Schoole Salerne ii. xi. 44 After meat taken..clense the teeth either with Iuory..or some picker of pure siluer or gold. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch. To Rdr. 208 Euery hand Of accident doth with a Picker stand, To scale the wards of Life. 1678J. Collins in Phil. Trans. XII. 1063 Clod-Salt, which grows to the bottoms of the Phats..is digged up with a picker (..made like a Masons Trowel, pointed with Steel and put upon a short staff). c1785in Daily Chron. 9 Dec. (1904) 4/6 Two of us..when alone would with pickers pick the mortar out of the bricks till we had opened a hole big enough to go in. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 837 The rubbish is withdrawn as it accumulates, at the bottom of the hole, by means of a picker. 1859F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 221 Mane-comb, picker.
3. A young cod, too small to swallow bait. Sc. and local U.S.
1895F. A. Steel Red Rowans x. 153, I believe..pickers or suckers is really only the local name [Sc.] for young codlings, lythe, or cuddies. In fact for all young fish.
4. a. With adv. as picker-up, one who picks up or gathers; a man employed to collect the game shot by a shooting party; in Australia and New Zealand, the man who gathers the fleece when it is shorn from a sheep.
1761Sterne Tr. Shandy III. xxxiv. 159 Indissolubly annex'd by the picker up, to the thing pick'd up. 1857Borrow Rom. Rye I. x. 140, I dislike a picker-up of old words worse than a picker-up of old rags. 1874Motley Barneveld II. xvi. 217 A mere picker-up of trifles. 1881A. Bathgate Waitaruna xii. 172 The ‘pickers-up’ were busy gathering the fleeces as they fell from the bereft sheep and carrying them to the sorting table. 1890Melbourne Argus 20 Sept. 13/7 As the fleece drops off, a soft woolly whole, the ‘picker up’, of whom there is one to about eight shearers,..gathers it up with the ‘locks’ and ‘pieces’. 1913A. Bathgate Sodger Sandy's Bairn 57 The pickers-up gathered the fleeces as they fell intact from the shears and bore them to the sorting table, where they were quickly ‘skirted’ and ‘classed’. 1940Essays & Stud. XXV. 111 The picker-up of unconsidered historical trifles. 1956S. Hope Diggers' Paradise 99 A sixteen-year-old lad could earn {pstlg}17 a week as a ‘picker-up’ in the wool-shed. 1959H. P. Tritton Time means Tucker iii. 26/2 Pickers-up took the fleece as it fell on the board and spread it skin-side down on the wool⁓tables. 1977Shooting Times & Country Mag. 13–19 Jan. 22/1 There are plenty of pickers-up on this shoot, and little is lost.
b. picker-upper, one who, or that which, picks up.
1936Esquire Sept. 162/2 Variety maintains a news staff—not a bunch of press-release picker-uppers. 1942Amer. Speech XVII. 104/1 Picker-upper, service car with crane. 1944N.Y. Times 3 Sept. S2/6 Her devoted spouse is an avid picker-upper of any hairpins he can find. 1947Philadelphia Bull. 28 July 8 (Advt.), Energy picker-upper..chocolate cookies. 1961Times 19 Aug. 6/7 A mechanical means of gathering up lumps of oil..has been built. It is described as a ‘picker-upper’, which might be drawn by a tractor.
5. Comb. picker-bar, a toothed bar for discharging the ashes and cinders from the grate in a mechanical stoker.
▪ II. picker2 Weaving.|ˈpɪkə(r)|
[f. pick v.2 + -er1.]
In a loom, the small instrument which travels backwards and forwards in the shuttle-box and drives the shuttle to and fro through the warp.
[1831: see pecker 2 c.] 1841Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) XXI. 824/2 The two ends of this shuttle-race are closed up at the sides, so as to form short troughs, in which two moveable pieces of wood, called pickers, or peckers, traverse along pieces of wire. Ibid., Formerly the shuttle was thrown by the hand, but about one hundred years ago, the picker, or fly-shuttle, was invented by one John Kay of Bury, in Lancashire. 1865Public Opinion 4 Feb. 132 The principle upon which the new loom acts is that of discharging a jet of compressed air from the valves of the shuttle-box, upon the end of the shuttle, at each pick or stroke, and thus substituting for the imperfect motion of the ‘picker’ the pneumatic principle, simply applied. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1697 Picker..the upper or striking portion of a picker-staff, which comes against the end of the shuttle and impels it through the shed of the warp. 1886Harris Techn. Dict. Fire Insurance, Pickers, made of buffalo hide, and used for throwing the shuttles backwards and forwards in cotton⁓weaving.
b. Comb., as picker-cord, picker-maker, picker-manufacturer, picker-strap; picker-bend (see quot. 1858); picker-motion, the mechanism involved in impelling the shuttle to and fro; picker-staff, the oscillating bar which imparts motion to the shuttle.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Picker-bends, pieces of buffalo hide..imported for the use of power-loom weavers, who attach them to the shuttle. 1864Times 12 Mar., O. & S., Halifax, picker makers. 1878Barlow Weaving v. 81 The two pickers are connected together by a slack cord to the centre of which the ‘picking stick’ is attached. Two short cords are connected to the picker cord to keep it suspended and free to work. Ibid. xxv. 271 The pickers are fixed upon the ends of the sticks. In this plan the picker straps and spindles are dispensed with.
▪ III. picker3
anglicized f. piqueur, huntsman.
1863Ld. Lytton Ring Amasis II. ii. ii. viii. 100 He turned round to take the horn and the hunting-knife from the picker.
▪ IV. picker
see pickeer v. |