| 释义 |
physostigmine Chem. and Pharm.|faɪsəʊˈstɪgmiːn|
Also † -in.
[ad. G. physostigmin (Jobst & Hesse 1864, in Ann. d. Chem. u. Pharm. CXXIX. 118): see Physostigma and -ine5.]
A colourless or pale yellow crystalline tricyclic alkaloid, C15H21N3O2, which is the active principle of the calabar bean and is used medicinally (esp. as a miotic) on account of its anticholinesterase activity.
1864Chem. News 5 Mar. 109/1 The physiological properties of the Calabar bean have been well studied in this country, but the authors above named are..the first who have isolated the alkaloid to which it owes its activity, and to which they have given the name Physostigmine. 1865N. Syd. Soc. Year-bk. Med. 447 Jobst and Hesse..have succeeded in isolating the active principle of the Calabar bean, to which they give the name physostigmin. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 228 It is in this way that strychnine and physostigmine respectively stimulate and depress the spinal cord. 1907J. H. Parsons Dis. Eye iv. 74 Eserin or physostigmin, the most powerful miotic we possess, acts by stimulating the third nerve endings in the sphincter and in the ciliary muscle. 1938Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) II. 200/1 The physiological action of physostigmine depends on its inhibition of the hydrolysis of acetyl choline by choline-esterase. 1970Nature 4 Apr. 21/2 Drugs which..increase the concentration [in the brain] of acetylcholine (for example, physostigmine) exacerbate Parkinsonism. 1974M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. vii. 128 Many very common drugs are alkaloids, some of which include..physostigmine. |