| 释义 |
phylogeny Biol.|faɪˈlɒdʒɪnɪ|
[ad. mod.Ger. phylogenie (E. Haeckel Generelle Morphologie der Organismen (1866) I. iii. 57), f. Gr. ϕῦλον race, phylum + -γενεια birth, origin.]
1. The genesis and evolution of the phylum, tribe, or species; ancestral or racial evolution of an animal or plant type, or of particular organs or other components of a plant or an animal (as distinguished from ontogenesis, the evolution of the individual).
1872Darwin Orig. Spec. (ed. 5) xiv, Professor Häckel in his Generelle Morphologie..has recently brought his great knowledge and abilities to bear on what he calls Phylogeny, or the lines of descent of all organic beings. 1872[see ontogeny]. 1878Bell tr. Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 451 The phylogeny..of a few of the cephalic bones is as yet unknown. 1897Bot. Gaz. XXIV. 172 We are warranted in strenuously urging a conformity of taxonomy with phylogeny. 1901Trans. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) VIII. 270 The Plates attached to this paper represent with approximate accuracy the phylogeny of the intestinal tract in birds. 1903C. W. Salesby in Academy 13 June 594/1 Von Baer's law may be stated thus: ‘Ontogeny is the recapitulation of phylogeny’. 1940J. S. Huxley New Systematics 19 Phylogeny may be almost hopelessly obscured by parallel or convergent evolution. 1953E. Mayr et al. Methods & Princ. Systematic Zool. iii. 42 It is the avowed aim of a modern classification to reflect phylogeny. 1971J. Z. Young Introd. Study Man xxxv. 486 We cannot measure the development of the frontal lobes in phylogeny accurately.
2. The history or science of evolution or genealogical development in the phylum, tribe, or species; the race history of an animal or vegetable type; tribal history.
1872[see bathmic a.]. 1875Dawson Dawn of Life viii. 218 Science fails to inform us, but conjectural ‘phylogeny’ steps in. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. Introd. 41 A special branch of biological speculation termed phylogeny. 1894Drummond Ascent of Man 77 Phylogeny—the history of the race.
3. A pedigree or genealogical table showing the racial evolution of a type of organisms.
1870Rolleston Anim. Life p. xxv, ‘Phylogenies’, or hypothetical genealogical pedigrees, reaching far out of modern periods, are likely to remain in the very highest degree arbitrary and problematical. 1888Dawson Geol. Hist. Plants 269 It is easy to construct a theoretical phylogeny of the derivation of the willows from a supposed ancestral source. 1892Nation (N.Y.) 27 Oct. 325/3 The phylogenies given by the different authors are usually regarded by students as subjects for all sorts of changes and revisions. |