| 释义 |
‖ Phylloxera Entom.|fɪlɒkˈsɪərə|
[mod.L., f. Gr. ϕύλλο-ν leaf + ξηρός dry.]
A genus of Aphididæ or plant-lice; esp. the species P. vastatrix, also called vine-pest, which is very destructive to the European grape-vine, infesting the roots and leaves, and causing the death of the plant.
The genus Phylloxera was named in 1834 to include a plant-louse which was observed to dry up the leaves of the oak in Provence; in 1868 Planchon showed that the vine disease was caused by a new species, which was constantly found on the roots of affected vines, and which he named P. vastatrix. (See Comptes Rendus 1868 II. 588.)
1868Gard. Chron. 31 Oct. 1138. 1869 Ibid. 30 Jan. 109 M. Signoret..considered that the insect belongs to the genus Phylloxera. 1880Athenæum 11 Sept. 340/3 All the vineyards within reach flooded during winter, as a protection against the ravages of the phylloxera. 1886Edin. Rev. Oct. 367 In 1865 the first appearance of the phylloxera in France occurred in the plateau of Pujant, near Roquemaure, on the right bank of the Rhone. 1888A. E. Shipley in Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 239/1 The Phylloxera has spread to Corsica; it has appeared here and there amongst the vineyards of the Rhine and Switzerland.
fig.1897Westm. Gaz. 7 May 1/3 Spite of his rosy cheeks, ‘la maladie des désabusés’, that phylloxera of the mental vineyard, holds him in its deadly grip.
b. attrib. and Comb., as phylloxera outbreak, phylloxera visitation; phylloxera-mite, a minute acarid, Tyroglyphus phylloxeræ, which infests the phylloxera.
1901Westm. Gaz. 30 Jan. 8/1 The stocks..being larger than they have been at any time since the phylloxera visitation. 1902Ibid. 7 Jan. 2/3 The failure of the vines, due to the phylloxera outbreak in the sixties.
Hence phylloxeral |-ˈɪərəl|, phylloxeric |-ˈɛrɪk| adjs., pertaining or relating to the phylloxera; phyˈlloxerated, phyˈlloxerized ppl. adjs., infested with the phylloxera.
1881Nature 6 Oct. 552/1 Treatment of phylloxerised vines by the use of sulphide of carbon and sulpho-carbonate of potassium. 1882St. James' Gaz. 6 Apr. 4/2 Getting rid of the few phylloxerated spots which appeared there six years ago. 1886Edin. Rev. Oct. 378 The inspector of the phylloxeric service reports that unless energetic measures are taken the vineyards of Portugal will be ruined. 1902Speaker 20 Sept. 646/2 Thanks to the beneficent influence of the phylloxeral crisis. |