| 释义 |
phylactery|fɪˈlæktərɪ|
Forms: 4 fil-, philaterie, 6 -eri, -ery, -ory, phylatorye, philacterie, 6–7 philactery, 7– phylactery (6–7 -ie). Also in med.L. forms philateria, -um, phil-, phylacterium.
[ME. ad. L. fyl-, phylactērium (Vulg.), a. Gr. ϕυλακτήριον a watchman's post, a safeguard, an amulet, f. ϕυλακτήρ a guard, f. stem ϕυλακ- of ϕυλάσσειν to guard. Cf. OF. filatiere (12th c.), mod.F. phylactère.]
1. A small leathern box containing four texts of Scripture, Deut. vi. 4–9, xi. 13–21, Ex. xiii. 1–10, 11–16, written in Hebrew letters on vellum and, by a literal interpretation of the passages, worn by Jews during morning prayer on all days except the sabbath, as a reminder of the obligation to keep the law. Cf. Deut. xi. 18 ‘Ye shall bind them [my words] for a sign upon your hand, and they shall be for frontlets between your eyes.’
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 61 In stede of philateries men maken gret volyms of newe lawes. 1382― Matt. xxiii. 5 Thei alargen her filateries [gloss that ben smale scrowis]. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 325 Þey bere scrowes in her forhedes and in hir lift armes and cleped þe scrowes philateria; in þe scrowes were þe ten hestes. 1526Tindale Matt. xxiii. 5 They sett abroade there philateris. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. xxiii. 5 They walke vp and doune bearyng about brode Philacteries. 1581Marbeck Bk. Notes 823 They ware in their foreheads scrowles of parchment, wherein were written the tenne commaundements giuen by God to Moses, which they called Philaterias. 1616T. Godwin Moses & Aaron i. (1641) 42 There were..Phylacteries for the head, or frontlets, reaching from one ear to the other, and tied behind with a thong; and Phylacteries for the hand fastned upon the left arme above the elbow on the inside, that it might be neer the heart. 1821Scott Kenilw. xxx, A broad girdle inscribed with characters like the phylacteries of the Hebrews. 1879C. Geikie Christ xv. 156 Pharisees, with broad phylacteries.
b. fig. A reminder; a religious observance or profession of faith; an ostentatious or hypocritical display of piety or rectitude, a mark of Pharisaism; a burdensome traditional observance. Phrase: to make broad the phylactery (from Matt. xxiii. 5), to vaunt one's righteousness.
1645Milton Tetrach. Introd. Addr. Parlt., I send him back again for a phylactery to stitch upon his arrogance. 1682Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. i. §21 Trust not to thy Remembrance in things which need Phylacteries. Ibid. iii. §10 To thoughtful Observators the whole World is a Phylactery, and every thing we see an Item of the Wisdom..of God. Happy are they who..make their Phylacteries speak in their Lives. 1687Dryden Hind & P. i. 399 And Fathers, Counsels, Church, and Church's head, Were on her reverend Phylacteries read. 1847Ld. Cockburn Jrnl. II. 189 Five statutes.., each of which tends in its way to disentangle us of the phylacteries of the feudal system. 1893Morley in Daily News 3 Mar. 5/5 Mr. Russell..has worn his broadest phylacteries, used his most pharisaical language.
c. Erroneously applied to the fringe or the blue ribbon, which the Israelites were commanded to wear as a remembrancer (Num. xv. 38, 39); hence extended to a fringe or border generally.
1576N. T. (Tomson) Matt. xxiii. 5 note, Phylacteries.—It was a thread, or ribband of blewe silke in the fringe of a corner, the beholding whereof made them to remember the Lawes and ordinances of God: and therefore was it called a phylacterie, as you would say, a keper. 1715tr. Pancirollus' Rerum Mem. I. ii. xiv. 97 The Flames had rambled to the Borders and the Phylacteries (as it were) of this Obelisk. 1878B. Taylor Deukalion iii. iii. 112 She walks, And droops her loosed phylacteries in the dust.
2. An amulet worn upon the person, as a preservative against disease, etc.; also fig. a charm, safeguard.
[1693tr. Blancard's Phys. Dict. (ed. 2), Phylacterium, a sort of Amulet, for the cure of Venomous Diseases.] 1809Malkin Gil Blas x. vii. (Rtldg.) 355 Very good books,..a never-failing phylactery against the blue devils [F. une ressource assurée contre l'ennui]. 1850J. Leitch tr. C.O. Müller's Anc. Art §436 (ed. 2) 628 The figure of Serapis was a customary phylacterion. 1852Hook Ch. Dict. (1871) 585 Phylactery..properly denotes a preservative, such as pagans carried about to preserve them from evils, diseases, and dangers; for example, stones or pieces of metal engraved under certain aspects of the planets. 1860― Lives Abps. I. v. 223 The bishops..were required..to put down pagan observances, auguries, phylacteries, and incantations.
3. A vessel or case containing a holy relic.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. cxxviii. (Add. MS. 27944) Philaterium is a litel vessel of glas oþer of Cristal in þe whiche holy relikes ben ikepte. 1520in Archæologia LIII. 14 One phylatorye siluer and gylte..contenyng wtyn a bone of saynt Stephen. 1536in Antiq. Sarisb. (1771) 194 One Philatory, long, ornate with silver,..standing on four feet,..and containing a tooth of St. Macarius. 1869Freeman Norm. Conq. III. App. 686 Harold is shown swearing between two chests or phylacteries.
4. In mediæval art, The inscribed scroll proceeding from a person's mouth or held by him, to indicate his words; fig. a record, a roll. Also, the label or infula of a mitre.
1855tr. Labarte's Arts Mid. Ages ii. 74 The legends painted upon the phylacteries in painted glass. 1863Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. xvii. 423 Here is the phylactery of his vices—wily, wary, cold, calculating, indirect, faithless.
Hence phyˈlacteried a., furnished with phylacteries; also fig.
1841Tait's Mag. VIII. 277 Without any phylacteried display of Independence and Non-intrusion oratory. |