| 释义 |
phyco-|ˈfaɪkəʊ|
combining form of Gr. ϕῦκος (L. fūcus) seaweed, used in the formation of modern scientific terms relating to seaweeds or algæ.
phycochrom |ˈfaɪkəkrɒm|, a species or individual of the family Phycochromaceæ or Cryptophyceæ of Algæ or seaweeds; so phycochroˈmaceous a., of or pertaining to this order. phycochrome |ˈfaɪkəˌkrəʊm|, the bluish-green colouring matter of some algæ, being chlorophyll modified by an admixture of phycocyanin. phycocyan |ˌfaɪkəʊˈsaɪən|, phycoˈcyanin, phycocyˈanogen, the blue colouring matter which is combined with chlorophyll in certain algæ, as Phycochromaceæ, and gives to them their bluish-green colour. ˌphyco-ˈerythrin, the red colouring matter found similarly in Florideæ, and giving to them their reddish colour. phyˈcography [-graphy], systematic description of seaweeds (Cassell's Encycl. Dict. 1886). phycoˈhæmatin (see quot.). phycoˈlogical a., of, pertaining to, or dealing with, phycology. phyˈcology [-logy], the branch of botany treating of seaweeds or algæ; algology; so phyˈcologist, a student of phycology; an algologist. phycomater |faɪkəʊˈmeɪtə(r)|: see quots. phycomycetous |ˌfaɪkəʊmaɪˈsiːtəs| a., of or pertaining to the Phycomyceteæ, a division of Fungi, mostly parasitic, of which the genus Phycomyces is the type. phycoˈphæin [Gr. ϕαιός dusky], a reddish-brown pigment found in the olive-brown seaweeds, as the Fucaceæ and Phæosporeæ. ˈphycoplast Cytology [-plast], an array of microtubules found between pairs of nuclei in algal cells after mitosis (see quot. 1972). phycoˈxanthin [xanthin], a yellow colouring-matter, = diatomin.
1888Amer. Naturalist Aug. 671 The *Phycochroms never reach as great a size as do members of each of the other sections.
1873Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 221 The cultivation of *phycochromaceous gonidia obtained from lichens of a different nature. 1880Nature 26 Feb. 391/1 Desmideae, Diatomaceae, and phycochromaceous forms furnish no less than 600 out of the total 794 species.
1874Cooke Fungi 12 The green matter originally arises within the primary chlorophyll- or *phycochrom-bearing cellule. 1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs' Bot. 273 Certain parasitic Ascomycetes penetrate them [certain Algæ]..and often form an intimate attachment with those..cells which contain phycochrome (as Plectospora, Omphalaria).
1866–8Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 633 *Phycocyan, and Phycoerythrin, these names are applied by Kützing to a blue and red colouring matter, apparently of the same composition, existing in several red sea-weeds. 1873H. C. Sorby in Proc. Roy. Soc. XXI. 464 Phycocyan gives a spectrum with a well-marked absorption⁓band in the orange, and has a very intense red fluorescence.
1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs' Bot. 216 The *phycocyanine is diffused from dead or ruptured cells, and thus produces, for example, the blue stains on the paper round herbarium specimens of Oscillatoriæ.
1881Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1637 True *Phycocyanogen, with a distinct absorption-band in the orange, and a narrow one in the red, imparting to the solution a very intense red fluorescence.
1873H. C. Sorby in Proc. Roy. Soc. XXI. 464 *Phycoerythrine Group...I..call one pink phycoerythrine and the other red phycoerythrine. Neither are fluorescent, and both are soluble in water.
1866–8Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 633 *Phycohæmatin, a red colouring matter, obtained by Kützing from Rytiplæa tinctoria. It is extracted from the fresh alga.
1892(title) *Phycological memoirs, being researches made in the Botanical Department of the British Museum. Edited by George Murray. 1895J. D. Hooker Let. 9 June in L. Huxley Life J. D. Hooker (1918) II. xli. 294, I have this morning received..a notice published in the ‘Phycological Memoirs’ of Pachytheca, which is enough to turn your hair grey—if it were not so already! 1954Nature 14 Aug. 294/1 The botanical world, and more especially the phycological section of it, has suffered grievous loss in the passing of Prof. Fritsch. 1973J. R. Stein (title) Hand⁓book of phycological methods.
1890Cent. Dict., *Phycologist. 1901Nature 14 Feb. 377/1 The great Swedish phycologist. 1951G. W. Prescott in G. M. Smith Man. Phycology i. 4 The marine phycologist Harvey..established many genera. 1969Brit. Phycological Jrnl. IV. 141 Virtually the whole of his [sc. Hustedt's] career as a phycologist was devoted to diatoms.
1847J. Lindley Elem. Bot. (ed. 5) p. lxx/2 *Phycology. That part of Botany which treats of Sea⁓weeds. 1892Nation (N.Y.) 10 Nov. 360/3 Algology, another hybrid, is honored with a definition..while Phycology, the preferable word linguistically, is given only as a synonym. 1935J. E. Tilden Algae p. v, Phycology offers an enormously stimulating field for research. 1951G. W. Prescott in G. M. Smith Man. Phycology i. 1 The history of phycology is as old as the history of botany. 1976Biol. Abstr. LXI. 6112/1 The history of marine phycology in New England (USA) is summarized, followed by citations emphasizing recent research dealing with the local marine algal vegetation.
1842Brande Dict. Sci., etc., *Phycomater, the gelatine in which the sporules of Algaceous plants first vegetate. 1858Mayne Expos. Lex., Phycomater, term for a single cell resting on semi-liquid substance, possessing the power of producing other cells similar to itself in form and composition out of the organic subtances in which it grows.
1890Cent. Dict., *Phycomycetous. 1900Nature 27 Sept. 540/1 The phycomycetous Fungi, and the siphonaceous Algæ..the vegetative body of which does not consist of cells.
1885G. L. Goodale Physiol. Bot. (1892) 295 Analogous pigments extracted by water from algae of colors other than red have received the following names,—*phycophæine (brownish), phycocyanine (bluish), phycoxanthine (yellowish-brown). 1898tr. Strasburger's Bot. 330 The cells of the Phæophyceæ..contain a brown pigment, phycophæin.
1972J. D. Pickett-Heaps in Cytobios V. 63 Since this disposition of microtubules is so common in algae, I have coined the term ‘*phycoplast’ to describe it. This implies that it can to some extent be considered an analogue of the higher plant cell phragmoplast, but its main distinguishing feature is the orientation of its constituent microtubules in the plane of cytoplasmic cleavage. 1975Nature 6 Nov. 32/1 The unicellular condition, the possession of basal bodies, flagella, a closed centric spindle, a phycoplast and cell division by furrowing, are deemed to be primitive features.
1873H. C. Sorby in Proc. Roy. Soc. XXI. 457 *Phycoxanthine. This name was first proposed by Kraus for a substance he obtained from Oscillatoriæ. 1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs' Bot. 216 The peculiar bluish- or brownish-green colour which the Nostocaceæ share with the Chroococcaceæ, is caused by a mixture of true chlorophyll with phycoxanthine and phycocyanine. |