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Phrygian, a. (n.)|ˈfrɪdʒɪən|
[ad. L. Phrygiān-us, f. Phrygia: see -an.]
A. adj.
a. Of or pertaining to Phrygia, an ancient country of Asia Minor, or its inhabitants.
Phrygian mode (Mus.): (a) One of the ancient Greek modes, of a warlike character, supposed to have been derived from the ancient Phrygians; (b) The second of the ‘authentic’ ecclesiastical modes, having its ‘final’ on E and ‘dominant’ on C.
1579E. K. Gloss. Spenser's Sheph. Cal. Oct. 27 The..Musitian playd the Phrygian melodie. 1674Playford Skill Mus. i. 59 The Phrygian Mood was a more warlike and couragious kind of Musick, expressing the Musick of Trumpets and other Instruments of old, exciting to Arms. 1807Robinson Archæol. Græca v. xxiii. 534 In music..there were four principal νόµοι or modes; the Phrygian, the Lydian, the Doric, and the Ionic... The Phrygian mode was religious. 1826J. Elmes Dict. Fine Arts, Phrygian Marble, called likewise Synnadique, was either white or red. Phrygian Stone, a substance..employed..in the process of dyeing.
b. Applied to a conical cap or bonnet with the peak bent or turned over in front, worn by the ancient Phrygians, and in modern times identified with the ‘cap of liberty’.
1796Strutt Dresses & Habits of Eng. I. i. i. 12 The cap, most commonly worn by the Saxons..bears no distant resemblance to the ancient Phrygian bonnet. 1846Fairholt Costume (1860) 50 Figure 2 gives us the Phrygian-shaped cap, borrowed from classic costume. Ibid. 482 A head of Paris in the Phrygian cap has been copied.
B. n.
a. A native or inhabitant of Phrygia.
b. One of a Christian sect of the second century, a Cataphrygian.
a1490J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus' Bibliotheca Historica (1956) I. iv. 293 Than went she downe throughout by all the lande of the Phirigians vnto the grete see. 1585–7T. Rogers 39 Art. (Parker Soc.) 158 This truth is gainsaid by the Phrygians. 1837Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) XV. 426/2 Montanists..are sometimes styled Phrygians and Cataphrygians. 1963Times 12 Jan. 9/6 It sounded like an Aesop's fable (and it occurred suddenly to me that Aesop, a Phrygian, had lived near Sivrihisar). 1966G. E. Bean Aegean Turkey v. 125 This was a time of good relations between the Phrygians and the Greeks, when King Midas was the first barbarian to make an offering at Delphi.
c. The Indo-European language of the ancient Phrygians.
1791W. Jones in Asiatick Researches (1792) III. 14 A drum is called dindima both in Sanscrit and Phrygian. 1888J. Wright tr. Brugmann's Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Gmc. Lang. I. 3 Of others we have only very scanty fragments left,..as of Phrygian. 1933C. D. Buck Compar. Gram. Greek & Latin 13 Phrygian is known, apart from proper names and glosses, from a few old inscriptions in an archaic Greek alphabet and some others of Christian times. 1967M. Schlauch Language ii. 28 Among the Indo-European languages no longer spoken, some are known to us from inscriptions (for instance, Thracian and Phrygian). 1972W. B. Lockwood Panorama Indo-European Lang. 174 Early or Old Phrygian survives in nearly 25 short inscriptions of doubtful date (perhaps eighth to sixth centuries b.c.) written in an alphabet of an archaic Greek type. A more recent form of the language, Late or New Phrygian, is found in about a hundred inscriptions in the Greek alphabet dating from the first three centuries a.d. |