| 释义 |
▪ I. architecture, n.|ˈɑːkɪtɛktjʊə(r)|
[a. F. architecture (? or It. architettura), ad. L. architectūra, f. architect-us: see architect n. and -ure.]
1. The art or science of building or constructing edifices of any kind for human use. Regarded in this wide application, architecture is divided into civil, ecclesiastical, naval, military, which deal respectively with houses and other buildings (such as bridges) of ordinary utility, churches, ships, fortification. But architecture is sometimes regarded solely as a fine art, and then has the narrower meaning explained in quots. 1849, 1879 below.
1563Shute (title) The first and chief Grounds of Architecture vsed in all the auncient and famous monyments. 1581W. Stafford Exam. Compl. i. (1876) 24 Architecture, that is to say, the scyence of building. 1756Burke Subl. & B. Wks. I. 292 The management of light is a matter of importance in architecture. 1800J. Charnock (title) History of Marine Architecture. 1849Ruskin Sev. Lamps i. §i. 7 Architecture is the art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by man..that the sight of them contributes to his mental health, power, and pleasure. 1879G. Scott Lect. Archit. II. 292 Architecture, as distinguished from mere building, is the decoration of construction.
2. The action or process of building. arch.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 381 [If] the great Cities Anchiale and Tarsus were built..both in one day.. Certainely, it was the greatest Architecture of one day, since that great one of sixe. 1736Butler Anal. i. i. 36 Carriages and leavers and scaffolds are [necessary] in architecture.
3. concr. Architectural work; structure, building.
1611Tourneur Ath. Trag. v. i, On these two pillars stood the stately frame And architecture of my loftie house. 1759Johnson Rasselas xxix. (1787) 85 The ruins of their architecture are the schools of modern builders. 1864Burton Scot Abr. I. v. 291 Architecture, especially if it be of stone.
4. The special method or ‘style’ in accordance with which the details of the structure and ornamentation of a building are arranged.
1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 135 The adjectitious Buildings are of no mean Architecture. 1853Ruskin Stones Ven. II. vi, Many other architectures besides Gothic. 1883Rideing in Harper's Mag. July 180/1 The Queen Anne architecture of the day.
5. transf. or fig. Construction or structure generally; both abstr. and concr.
c1590Marlowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. ii. vii, The wondrous architecture of the world. 1607Topsell Serpents 627 Hieroglyphical Emblems..made ready and squared for the architecture of this discourse. 1794Sullivan View Nat. II. 391 Millions of opaque globes..constitute the moving order of its architecture. 1875Grindon Life xxvi. 337 In beautiful and ingenious architecture, the birds, the bees, and the wasps, have been competitors. 1907F. R. Sabin in Morris & McMurrich Human Anat. (ed. 4) v. 490 (heading) The Architecture of the Heart. 1936Discovery Nov. 363/1 The architecture of molecules. 1959D. Cooke Lang. Mus. i. 1 We speak of the ‘architecture’ of a symphony, and call architecture, in its turn, ‘frozen music’. 1962‘C. E. Maine’ Darkest of Nights ii. 32 He's our protein chemistry expert and he knows a great deal about the architecture of the Hueste virus.
6. Computing. The conceptual structure and overall logical organization of a computer or computer-based system from the point of view of its use or design; a particular realization of this.
1962F. Brooks in W. Buchholz in Planning Computer Syst. ii. 5 Computer architecture, like other architecture, is the art of determining the needs of the user..and then designing to meet those needs as effectively as possible. 1964IBM Jrnl. Res. & Devel. VIII. 87 (heading) Architecture of the IBM System/360. Ibid., The term architecture is used here to describe the attributes of a system as seen by the programmer, i.e., the conceptual structure and functional behavior, as distinct from the organization of the data flow and controls, the logical design, and the physical implementation. 1967H. Hellerman Digital Computer Syst. Princ. viii. 328 A most important factor in machine architecture is the recognition of the increasingly important role of the high-level languages as the principal medium of user-system interaction. 1975Sci. Amer. May 35/1 One architecture may emphasize facility of arithmetic operations and another may stress convenience of input and output operations. 1979Kraft & Toy Mini/Microcomputer Hardware Design iii. 121 In the most widely used minicomputer architecture, the CPU communicates with main memory over a high-speed store bus; all program-controlled operations involving external devices are required to take place over a separate I/O bus. 1981I. Flores Data Base Archit. i. 22 All three data base architectures have implementations which compete on the marketplace. 1984Freetime Autumn 51/2 (Advt.), Fast, powerful 32-bit architecture: allows windowing..and multi-tasking. 1985Which Computer? Apr. 20 (Advt.), Because of its multi-processor architecture, its performance doesn't deteriorate as more users are added.
▪ II. ˈarchitecture, v. rare.
[f. prec. n.]
To design as architect.
a1821Keats Fingal's Cave (D.) This was architectur'd thus By the great Oceanus. 1893Strand Mag. VI. 268/1 The house..was architectured by John Belcher from plans by its owner. 1939Auden & Isherwood Journey to War 120 The slope has been architectured into terraces.
▪ III. architecture
variant of architector. Obs. |