| 释义 |
phototropism|fəʊˈtɒtrəpɪz(ə)m, fəʊtəʊˈtrəʊpɪz(ə)m|
[f. photo- 1 + tropism.]
1. Biol. [ad. G. phototropie (F. Oltmanns 1892, in Flora LXXV. 214).] The innate movement in a definite direction of an organism or part of one in response to the stimulus of light; esp. the directional bending or growth of a plant or sessile animal (see quot. 1960 and cf. phototaxis).
[1892Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 513 The phenomena of phototropy—i.e. positive or negative heliotropic movements.] 1899C. B. Davenport Exper. Morphol. ii. 437 Effect of Light upon the Direction of Growth—Phototropism. [Note.] On some accounts it is unfortunate to accept this word rather than the older, more familiar term ‘heliotropism’; but..the latter is obviously unfitted to our broader view of the subject. 1900Nature 4 Jan. 219/1 The comparative effects of flash light and steady light in producing phototropism in seedling plants. 1902Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 31 He [sc. W. A. Nagel] applies the term phototropism to the peculiarity displayed by many sedentary organisms or special organs, of taking up a fixed position in regard to light, by means of bending movements, movements of growth or of torsion. 1907T. H. Morgan Exper. Zoöl. xvi. 265 Growth toward the Light; Phototropism... Some animals that are fixed turn toward the light. 1924R. M. Ogden tr. Koffka's Growth of Mind iii. 111 A cockroach possesses a negative phototropism. 1947Biol. Bull. XCII. 127 The terms, phototropism and phototaxis, will be used synonymously in this paper. 1960[see phototaxis]. 1965B. E. Freeman tr. Vandel's Biospeleol. xxv. 400 Light very frequently attracts or repels animals and these conditions are given the names of positive and of negative phototropism. 1976G. C. Ainsworth Introd. Hist. Mycol. vii. 198 Phototropism has been much studied in the Mucorales.
fig.1923R. Graves Whipperginny 38 Watch the blind Phototropisms of my fluttering mind.
2. = photochromism.
1921Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. XLIII. 333 (heading) Studies on phototropism in solution. 1952K. Venkataraman Chem. Synthetic Dyes II. xl. 1217 A review of phototropism in solution and on dyed textiles. 1962J. T. Marsh Self-Smoothing Fabrics xviii. 298 Phototropism is the change in shade which occurs on exposure to strong light, followed by a gradual return to the original shade when the light is removed. 1974Rattee & Breuer Physical Chem. of Dye Adsorption vii. 229 Three dyes..were all found to exhibit phototropism on cellulose acetate film. |