| 释义 |
phototaxis Biol.|fəʊtəʊˈtæksɪs|
Pl. -taxes |-ˈtæksiːz|.
[mod.L., coined in Ger. (E. Strasburger 1878, in Jenaische Zeitschr. f. Naturwissensch. XII. 587): see photo- 1 and taxis.]
The innate movement in a definite direction of an organism or part of one in response to the stimulus of light; esp. the bodily movement or orientation of a freely motile organism (see quot. 1960 and cf. phototropism).
1893Athenæum 16 Sept. 375/3 Phototaxis and chemiotaxis are the last instances of physiological adaptation cited [by J. S. B. Sanderson]. 1894J. S. B. Sanderson in Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1893 24 A single instance..must suffice to illustrate the influence of light in directing the movements of freely moving cells, or, as it is termed, phototaxis. 1902Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 31 Phototaxis is the peculiarity displayed by free-swimming organisms of orienting the body so as to place its long axis in a definite relation to the direction of the rays. 1911A. Willey Convergence in Evolution iii. 25 The vegetable kingdom as a whole exhibits positive phototaxis. 1954New Biol. XVII. 49 Several workers have found negative phototaxis (movement away from light) in a number of species [of woodlice]. 1960Thimann & Curry in Florkin & Mason Compar. Biochem. I. vi. 244 In all these organisms the response to light is a free movement of the whole body directed towards or away from the light, and this is defined as phototaxis. In fungi and higher plants, as also in the colonial hydroids, the body is anchored at one end and the response to light is shown by a curvature. It is this which is phototropism properly speaking... Zoologists have, it is true, used the term phototropism for free movements of animals, while botanists have been more precise in preserving the distinction, but the distinction is a valuable and even essential one to make... In Phototaxis the light influences the organs of movement,..while in Phototropism it influences the growth of the organism. 1975Nature 3 Jan. 43/2 It would seem that the light intensity dependent behaviour in these two examples could be divided into retinally evoked phototaxes and an extraretinally evoked kinesis which cannot be separated in sighted larvae. Ibid. 4 Sept. 44/2 The internal parts of the maze were of clear Perspex which allowed the flies to be attracted through the maze by phototaxis. |