| 释义 |
phenolic, a. and n. Chem.|fɪˈnɒlɪk|
[f. phenol + -ic.]
A. adj.
a. Of the nature of, belonging to, derived from, or containing a phenol; esp. containing or being a hydroxyl group bonded directly to a benzene ring.
1872Watts Dict. Chem. VI. 916 Phenolic ethers. 1880Friswell in Jrnl. Soc. Arts 16 Apr. 446 A naphthol was substituted for the phenolic or amido portion of the molecule. 1898Naturalist 183 Antiseptic tannic and phenolic bodies. 1932Ann. Rep. Chem. Soc. XXVIII. 236 Marrian had identified the substance C18H24O3 as a trihydric alcohol with one phenolic hydroxyl. 1951I. L. Finar Org. Chem. I. xxvii. 533 Phenolic aldehydes..are very important compounds, and contain an aldehyde group and one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to the nucleus. Ibid. xxviii. 557 It should be noted that only half the phenol is converted into the phenolic acid. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xxi. 430 The crude oily phenolic layer is separated from the aqueous liquor, and purified by distillation. Ibid. 431 The formation of simple ethers in this manner is a convenient way of ‘protecting’ a phenolic group. 1970Watsonia VIII. 3 Chromatographic investigation..into the intraspecific variation of phenolic and other compounds is proving to have interesting results. 1973Nature 20 July 132/1 A serine hydroxyl..makes a hydrogen bond to a phenolic hydroxyl hydrogen, the oxygen of which bonds to another phenolic hydroxyl.
b. Designating a large class of usu. thermosetting polymeric materials that have wide industrial applications as plastics or resins and are prepared from phenols by condensation with aldehydes in the presence of acid or base catalysts; as phenolic plastic or phenolic resin.
1910J. W. Aylsworth U.S. Pat. 1,020,593, I..have made a certain new and useful Invention in Phenolic Condensation Products and Methods of Preparing Same. 1917Chem. Abstr. XI. 693 (heading) Insoluble phenolic resins. 1931Product Engin. Nov. 503/2 Cast phenolic plastics are softer than the ordinary phenolic materials. 1944Electronic Engin. XVII. 35/1 A skilful combination of a polyvinyl acetal resin..with a thermo-setting phenolic resin has enabled ‘Thermex’ enamel to be produced from wholly synthetic sources. 1963House & Garden Feb. 8/2 (caption) Mural panel in polished copper and black phenolic resin. 1968Wall St. Jrnl. 26 July 28/1 Prices of phenolic molding compounds, among the more widely used plastics, will be raised one cent a pound by Union Carbide Corp. 1973Materials & Technol. VI. viii. 589 The starting materials for the manufacture of phenolic plastics are mainly phenols and formaldehyde.
B. n.
a. Phenolic plastic or resin.
1935Industr. & Engin. Chem. Oct. 1141/1 Certain plastics, particularly the cast phenolics, have unusual qualities for the passage and reflection of light. 1946H. A. Tayler Plastics Explained iv. 90 Cast phenolics are resistant to moisture, weak acids, oils and organic solvents. 1960Times Rev. Industry Mar. 57/1 British plastics production..total was divided as: thermosetting materials 195,000 tons (alkyds 50,000 tons; aminoplastics 55,000 tons; phenolics 75,000 tons) and thermoplastics 300,000 tons. 1968Wall St. Jrnl. 26 July 28/1 (heading) Phenolics price boost is planned by Union Carbide. 1973Sci. Amer. July 42/3 The matrix in glass-reinforced composites may be either a thermoset plastic, such as polyester, phenolic or epoxy, or any of a number of thermoplastic resins, such as nylon, polyethylene or polystyrene.
b. Chiefly Biochem. Any compound containing a hydroxyl group bonded directly to a benzene ring, esp. one that occurs in plants.
1956Chem. & Industry 9 June 478/2 Ellagic acid occurs in 43 families of dicotyledons, and is usually accompanied by the other vicinal-trihydroxy phenolics myricetin and leucodelphinidin. 1960A. H. Williams in J. B. Pridham Phenolics in Plants i. 3 Phloridzin, the principal phenolic of apple leaf and bark is absent from the flesh of the fruit. 1970J. Van Buren in A. C. Hulme Biochem. Fruits I. xi. 298 Varieties of fruits high in phenolics are more astringent than varieties low in phenolics. 1976Which? Aug. 185/2 The household disinfectants you'll usually find in your shop will be either phenolics or hypochlorites. |