| 释义 |
‖ phallus|ˈfæləs|
Pl. -i.
[L. phallus, a. Gr. ϕαλλός penis: so in mod.F. (1835 in Dict. Acad.).]
1. a. An image of the male generative organ, symbolizing the generative power in nature, venerated in various religious systems; spec. that carried in solemn procession in the Dionysiac festivals in ancient Greece. In later times commonly worn as an amulet or protection against the evil eye.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 79 Two substantiall witnesses, besides others, affirming the same, namely two Phalli, or Priapi (huge Images of the priuie part of a man). Ibid. 579 This yard, which they called Phallus, was vsually made of Figge-tree. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XIV. 266/2 Phallus, among the Egyptians, was the emblem of fecundity. 1895Elworthy Evil Eye 148 In compounded amulets the commonest of all objects was the phallus or some other suggesting the ideas conveyed by it.
b. The male generative organ, often in the context of its symbolical significance; in psychoanalysis, in the context of the pre-genital phase of sexual development.
By some writers used in the specific sense ‘erect penis’.
1924J. Riviere tr. Freud's Infantile Genital Organization in Coll. Papers II. 245 The primacy reached is..not a primacy of the genital, but of the phallus. Ibid. 247 The significance of the castration complex can only be rightly appreciated when its origin in the phase of the primacy of the phallus is also taken into account. 1935M. Balint Primary Love & Psycho-Anal. Technique (1952) iii. 56 The same is true of the phenomena of the phallic period: belief in the non-existence of the female genital organs..or in the existence of mothers with a phallus. 1935R. V. Storer Sexual Technique xxi. 274 Effective virility therefore depends on erectile capacity; that is, the penis must be able to become a phallus (as the erect male organ in action is called). 1951Ford & Beach Patterns of Sexual Behavior ii. 22 The bodily adjustments that give rise to these sensations involve merely insertion of the phallus followed by piston-like thrusts within the vagina. 1960J. Rodney Handbk. Sex Knowledge iv. 45 In its simplest—and crudest—form, copulation consists of the entrance of the erect penis or phallus into the vagina, followed by certain movements which produce an ejaculation of male semen into the vaginal cavity. 1961C. & W. M. S. Russell Human Behaviour vi. 271 A welter of key stimuli independent of the individual's personality, of breasts and phalluses, hands and feet. 1963A. Heron Towards Quaker View of Sex iii. 35 The experience is thus phallus-centred and produces excitement without deep commitment. 1972Times Lit. Suppl. 29 Sept. 1156/5 A phallus is a prerequisite of intercourse and, being so, has a social significance..whereas a penis can never have more than a biological significance. 1974H. S. Kaplan New Sex Therapy i. 21 The female sexual response transforms the tight, dry vaginal potential space into a well-lubricated, open receptacle for the phallus. 1977Times 18 Feb. 11/7 Fat villains sporting Old Comedy phalli.
2. Bot. A genus of gasteromycetous fungi, so called from their shape; of which one species, P. impudicus, is the common stink-horn.
1857Henfrey Elem. Bot. §636 In Phallus the volva is more strikingly developed. 1953J. Ramsbottom Mushrooms & Toadstools xvi. 182 A violet-scented Phallus would certainly be exceptional. 1976G. C. Ainsworth Introd. Hist. Mycology iii. 38 There is a figure of the stink-horn (both ‘egg’ and fruit⁓body) which in 1562 had been described and illustrated by the Dutch physician Adriaen Jonghe (H. Junius) who gave the name ‘Phallus’ to it in the first independently published mycological monograph.
3. Comb., as phallus-worship.
1850Carlyle Hudson's Statue in Latter-d. Pamph. vii. 43 Kings and Papas flying like detected coiners; and in their stead Icaria, Red Republic,..Literature of Desperation curiously conjoined with Phallus-Worship too clearly heralding centuries of bottomless Anarchy. 1880Stallybrass tr. Grimm's Teut. Mythol. I. 213 note, Phallus-worship..must have arisen out of an innocent veneration of the generative principle. |