| 释义 |
▪ I. phagocyte, n. Physiol.|ˈfægəsaɪt|
[mod. f. (Metschnikoff) Gr. ϕαγο- eating, devouring + -cyte.]
A leucocyte (white blood-corpuscle or lymph-corpuscle) which, under certain conditions, has the power of absorbing and destroying pathogenic microbes by a process of intracellular digestion, and thus of guarding the system against infection. More widely, any cell in the body that phagocytoses bacteria or foreign particles.
1884Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sc. XXIV. 110 Amœboid cells were frequently budded off from the ectoderm to join the other devouring cells (phagocytes) in the body. 1889E. R. Lankester Adv. Sci. (1890) ii. App. A. 112 [Metschnikoff's] theory is that by accustoming these corpuscles, which he calls ‘phagocytes’, to tolerate a weak form of the poison produced by pathogenic Bacteria, we ‘educate’ them, so that they are able subsequently to resist and eventually to attack and destroy the same pathogenic Bacterium..in a stronger and deadly form. 1898P. Manson Trop. Diseases i. 26 This body [the flagellated organism of malaria] seems to have a powerful attraction for the phagocyte. 1939F. A. Knott Clin. Bacteriol. iii. 45 The lining cells of the hepatic spaces (Küpffer cells) and the reticular cells of the cells of the spleen and lymph glands and the septal cells lining the pulmonary alveoli..can all be shown..to be active phagocytes and capable of ingesting pathogenic bacteria. 1972R. Hartenstein Princ. Physiol. xi. 494 Reticular cells differentiate into various forms of phagocytes including the fixed dust cells of vertebrate lungs, cellular linings of sinuses within glands, fixed Kupffer cells in the capillary sinusoids of liver.
Hence phagocytal |-ˈsaɪtəl|, phagocytic |-ˈsɪtɪk|, -ical adjs., pertaining to, or having the nature or function of, a phagocyte; phagocytic index, any of various indices of phagocytic activity; phagoˈcytically adv.; phagocytism |ˈfægəʊsaɪtɪz(ə)m|, phagocytosis |ˌfægəʊsaɪˈtəʊsɪs|, the process by which a cell engulfs or absorbs bacteria or foreign particles so as to isolate or destroy them; phagoˈcytoblast, the embryonic form of a phagocyte.
1888Nature 24 May 91/2 ‘Phagocitism’—that is, the intracellular digestive process. 1889Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sc. Dec. 298 note, To attribute very direct phagocytical properties to the outer layer of trophoblast cells. 1891Times 13 Aug. 5/2 Dr. Metschnikoff had elaborated and supported by great research his theory of phagocytosis, according to which there was a veritable struggle for existence, a battle à outrance between the cells of the body and the invading micro-organisms. 1892Pop. Sci. Monthly XLI. 631 Influences which are associated in aiding phagocytic action. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 87 Inflammation is to be regarded, on the whole, as a phagocytic reaction of the organism against irritants. 1904Wright & Douglas in Proc. R. Soc. LXXIII. 129 The phagocytic index given below..represents in each case the average number of bacteria ingested by the individual P.W.B.C. The number of polynuclear white blood corpuscles which have furnished the index is in each case inserted in brackets. 1908R. W. Allen Vaccine Therapy (ed. 2) xii. 199 The phagocytic index appears to be depressed for three to six weeks after commencing treatment. 1911Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 11 Nov. 1580/1 So far as staphylococci are concerned, the cells with one nucleus are more active phagocytically and those with four least active. 1937E. E. Hewer Text-bk. Histol. 7 This property of phagocytosis is shown by the blood leukocytes, osteoclasts, and all the histiocyte cells scattered throughout the body. 1963R. P. Dales Annelids ii. 55 Kermack also found that food particles in the stomach were taken up phagocytically by certain epithelial cells. 1970Times Lit. Suppl. 23 Oct. 1221/2 Amoebocytes..tend to be of variable shape and to engulf particles in their environment by the process of phagocytosis. 1971Herbert & Wilkinson Dict. Immunol. 139 Phagocytic index, a measure of the activity of the reticulo⁓endothelial system of the body. It is usually represented by a constant K that characterizes the rate of carbon clearance..from the blood and is inversely proportional to the dose of carbon injected. 1972F. Spencer Aspects Human Biol. iv. 112 As performed by such primitive cells as the protozoon amoeba, phagocytosis or engulfment represents a normal feeding mechanism. In the higher animals..phagocytosis is a highly developed activity, as exemplified by the granular leucocytes, and the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system. 1974Brit. Jrnl. Haematol. XXVIII. 542 The phagocytic index was the average number of particles per neutrophil. 1977P. B. & J. S. Medawar Life Sci. xiii. 100 Phagocytosis, a process in which antigenic particles are engulfed into and very often digested by, or in any case rendered harmless by, ‘macrophages’ and ‘polymorphs’.
▪ II. phagocyte, v. Biol.|ˈfægəsaɪt|
[f. the n.]
trans. = phagocytose v. So ˈphagocyting ppl. a.
1906Jrnl. Exper. Med. VIII. 676 With a dilution of 1:20 not more than four or five staphylococci are taken up by the phagocyting cells. Ibid., This possibility that a second substance besides the opsonins may determine the number of organisms phagocyted, also exists in the case of normal blood serum. 1933M. Fernán-Núñez tr. S. Ramón y Cajal's Histol. xxi. 547 The Kupffer cells..phagocyte senile and injured erythrocytes. 1961H. Chantrenne Biosynthesis of Proteins iii. 88 The low residual incorporation observed in enucleate Amoeba proteus is due to the activity of micro-organisms recently phagocyted by the Amoeba. |