| 释义 |
▪ I. petrol|ˈpɛtrəl|
Also 7 petroll, -eol, -iol(l, 9 -ole.
[a. F. pétrole (13th c., Hatz.-Darm.), petrolle (16th c.), f. med.L. petroleum, q.v.]
†1. = petroleum. Obs.
1596Lodge Margarite of America (Hunter. Cl.) 52 As the clay petrol draweth fire, so the lookes do gather affection. 1616Bullokar Eng. Expos., Petroll, a substance strained out of the naturall Bitumen... It is for the most part white, and somtime black, and being once set on fire can hardly be quenched. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. xiii. 85 These Ingredients being mingled with Oyl of Petriol. 1678Phillips (ed. 4), Petreol, a certain Liquor that falls from the Fields near Modena, like Oyl extracted out of a Rock. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 43 Petrol is evidently nothing else but Naphtha, altered by the action of the air. 1811Pinkerton Petralogy II. 147 Naphtha, or pure rock oil, as fluid and transparent as water; petrol, which is less fluid and pure, when it is yet more impure it becomes mineral tar.
2. Chem. A hydrocarbon (C8H10) occurring in petroleum.
1866–77Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 381.
3. a. [Reintroduced from mod.Fr.] A name for refined petroleum as used in motor-cars, etc.
For an attribution of the Eng. word to Frederick Simms, 1893, see E. Liveing Pioneers of Petrol (1959) 42. However pétrole was current in Fr. by 1892 (cf. G. Richard Les nouveaux Moteurs à Gaz et à Pétrole (1892)).
[1895Sir D. Salomons Horseless Carriage 14 Benzine of a certain density, known in France under the name of essence de pétrol,..is the material employed to run the engines.] 1895F. R. Simms in Sat. Rev. 3 Aug. 144/1 The Daimler carriage can easily take a gradient of 1 in 10... The fuel used is rectified petroleum or petrol or benzoline, of a specific gravity of 0·680 to 0·705, which has many advantages over common petroleum, and is obtainable almost any⁓where. 1897Westm. Gaz. 23 July 7/1 To prevent the sale in this country of a French preparation known as ‘Petrol’, the fumes of which are said to be extremely explosive and very easily ignited. Ibid. 26 July 5/1 The death by fire of a lady in a hairdresser's shop while having her hair dressed with a preparation known as petrole. Ibid. 24 Nov. 7/3 [The car] was worked on the Daimler principle, the motive power used being petrol, or refined petroleum. 1900Daily News 24 Apr. 7/5 How largely petroleum spirit (familiarly known as ‘petrol’), holds favour may be seen by stating that there were three steam cars, and but one driven by heavy oil. Eighty..were ‘petrol’ cars.
b. attrib. and Comb. petrol adjustment, petrol bicycle, petrol bowser [bowser2], petrol bus, petrol can, † petrol car, petrol consumption, petrol costs, petrol cycle, petrol engine, petrol feed, petrol-filler, petrol fumes, petrol lamp, petrol motor, petrol omnibus, petrol pipe, petrol ration, petrol rationing, petrol tank, petrol tanker, petrol tap, petrol tin, petrol vapour; petrol-driven, petrol-engined, petrol-propelled adjs.; petrol attendant, one who attends to the petrol pumps at a petrol station; petrol blue, a shade of blue similar to the colour of petrol; petrol coupon, a petrol rationing coupon; petrol-electric a., (a) driven by electric motors powered by current from a generator, which in turn is driven by a petrol engine (cf. diesel-electric adj.); (b) applied to a petrol-driven electricity generator; petrol gauge, a meter indicating the quantity of petrol in a tank; petrol injection, fuel injection, where the fuel is petrol; petrol lighter, a cigarette lighter employing petrol; petrol pump, (a) a pump at a petrol station for supplying motor vehicles with petrol; (b) a pump which delivers petrol from the petrol tank of a motor vehicle or aircraft to the engine; petrol sniffer, one who inhales petrol fumes for a narcotic effect; hence petrol-sniffing, the activity of a petrol-sniffer; petrol station = filling station s.v. filling vbl. n. 4.
1920Petrol adjustment [see idle v. 4 a]. 1963M. Levinson Taxi! iv. 47 He can very easily get a part-time job..as a petrol attendant. 1975Evening Herald (Dublin) 8 May 12/3 (Advt.), Petrol attendants required. 1895Petrol bicycle [see petrol cycle below].
1949Dict. Colours Interior Decoration (Brit. Colour Council) III. 21/1 Petrol blue, a colour name introduced into seasonal ranges by B.C.C. in 1943. 1971Sunday Mirror 21 Mar. 15/1 You can't sell them bright or pastel colours. In summer they just want petrol blue, bottle green or navy. 1973Guardian 10 Apr. 13/3 (caption) Chunky petrol blue mohair cardigan.
1943T. R. St. George C/o Postmaster 58 We learned, presently, that it wasn't a gas station at all, for that matter, but a ‘petrol bowser’. 1943P. Brennan et al. Spitfires over Malta 24 A petrol bowser on the perimeter track caught fire..and blazed fiercely.
1911Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 77/1 The electrically propelled vehicle..is smoother in running, more silent, and more convenient to handle than the petrol-bus. 1966M. Woodhouse Tree Frog xxii. 159 The jeep bounced... Yancy cursed the petrol cans fluently. 1975M. Russell Murder by Mile xiv. 151 The petrol cans that she's just been emptying.
1900Petrol car [see sense 3 a]. 1902A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors x. 183 (heading) The petrol car. 1908Westm. Gaz. 16 June 4/2 Petrol-consumption is a factor which is taken into serious consideration by purchasers of cars nowadays. 1936‘N. Blake’ Thou Shell of Death ii. 37 Your defence planes of the future..must, above all, have a very low petrol consumption. 1974A. Ross Bradford Business 15 We covered the hundred and seventy miles..at an average speed of 91·5 miles an hour... The petrol consumption was..sixteen imperial gallons.
1955Times 10 May 6/3 Their petrol costs, according to a branch official, are being met by some of the voluntary miners' funds.
1939Times 14 Oct. 5/3 (heading) Supplementary petrol coupons. 1963D. Hughes in Sissons & French Age of Austerity iv. 86 Forged petrol coupons changed hands at half a crown a time. 1971A. Diment Think Inc. iv. 59 This man concerned himself with rough copies of ration books and petrol coupons. 1973T. Allbeury Choice of Enemies viii. 35 Bring..your car—we'll see you get enough petrol coupons.
1895Times 28 Nov. 11/5 The Germans had also attempted petrol cycles. Mr. Pennington of New York had invented a petrol bicycle.
1899Westm. Gaz. 10 June 7/2 The ‘Delahaye’ four-wheel petrol-driven phaeton.
1905Ibid. 2 Jan. 2/1 Purely petrol⁓driven auto-cars on exactly the same principle as a road automobile. 1937Blunden Elegy 50 The televisionary world to come, The petrol-driven world already made. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 22 Mar. (Suppl.) 8/1 You can pay as little as 33gs for a 14in petrol-driven mower. 1964J. J. Walsh Understanding Paraplegia xvi. 113 Popularity of the fast and more powerful petrol-driven tricycle.
1903Motoring Annual 248 The power is derived from the Fischer petrol-electric combination in which a petrol engine works a dynamo and charges an accumulator.
1905Westm. Gaz. 2 Jan. 2/1 The North-Eastern, Great Northern, and Brighton Railways. The first-named has some petrol-electric coaches. 1909Installation News III. 117/2 The petrol electric set..is increasing in popularity every day; at the moment however the danger does not present itself..as a source of loss to the Central Station. 1930Times 25 Mar. 25/1 With regard to the replacement of our motor omnibuses,..the petrol-electric machine..has given us very good service. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 631/1 Petrol-electric generating set (Elec. Eng.), a small generating plant using a petrol engine as the prime⁓mover.
1902R. J. Mecredy in A. C. Harmsworth Motors vii. 105 ‘Petrol Engine’ is a slang term for an engine driven by a series of explosions of a mixture of the vapour of a light spirit of petroleum with air. 1916A. Garrard (title) Gas, oil, and petrol engines. 1933Petrol engine [see injection 1 b]. 1974Country Life 3 Oct. 948/1 Daimler's petrol engine was used in vehicles constructed between 1885 and 1888.
1906Daily Chron. 27 June 3/5 The invention of a petrol-engined torpedo-boat. 1936Discovery Sept. 289/1 The new L.M.S. ‘Coventry’ petrol-engined railcar. 1971Daily Tel. 28 Jan. 3/1 A regulation requiring new petrol-engined vehicles to be fitted with means to prevent fumes escaping from the crank-case is to be laid before Parliament.
1913Autocar Handbk. (ed. 5) iii. 67 (caption) Exhaust pressure petrol feed. 1928Manch. Guardian Weekly 10 Aug. 107/4 They experienced trouble with the petrol feed and turned back. 1935C. Day Lewis Time to Dance 34 They..rose and flew on to Paris, and there Trivially were delayed—a defective petrol feed—Three days. 1977J. Cleary High Road to China v. 145 One of the petrol feed pipes had been dented... Fuel had been getting to the engine only in a trickle.
1907Westm. Gaz. 22 Nov. 10/1 The latest thing in petrol-fillers, horns and sirens. 1970Country Life 31 Dec. 1278/2 A conical petrol-filler with a spout that he got from a local garage.
1908Lancet 29 Feb. 658/2 He was only able to find in the literature one other case relating to the toxic effects of petrol fumes. 1912Kipling Let. 10 Dec. in C. E. Carrington Rudyard Kipling (1955) xvi. 420 A rather shrill stink..like chlorine gas on top of petrol fumes... That's the stink of the aeroplane. a1930D. H. Lawrence Last Poems (1932) 32 The weather in town is always benzine, or else petrol fumes. 1974N. Freeling Dressing of Diamond 45 The summer night..was still tainted with petrol fumes. 1976M. Hinxman End of Good Woman vii. 94 She had stood on traffic intersections..inhaling petrol fumes.
1913Autocar Handbk. (ed. 5) iii. 66 As the tank is arranged near the occupants a simple form of petrol gauge can be fitted. 1938N. Marsh Artists in Crime xiii. 198 The petrol gauge..registered only two gallons. 1974D. Kyle Raft of Swords xiv. 156 He glanced down at the petrol gauge, saw the tank was roughly half empty.
1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 249/2 Direct petrol injection (I.C. Engs.), a method of operating a petrol engine by injecting liquid petrol directly into the induction pipe or cylinder during the suction-stroke, thus dispensing with a carburettor; in aero engines it avoids carburettor freezing troubles. 1972K. Newton et al. Motor Vehicle (ed. 9) xvii. 379 Even in the U.S.A., where..very high-powered vehicles are the rule, petrol injection seems to make little headway. 1977Economist 3 Sept. 51/1 (Advt.), Petrol injection makes for cleaner..combustion than the conventional carburettor.
1917W. Owen Let. 9 Feb. (1967) 432 Last night I burnt a petrol lamp under my bed! 1957L. Durrell Justine i. 14 The boys stir uneasily at their backgammon under the petrol-lamps. 1978G. Sims Rex Mundi vii. 45 We sped with..straining sails and hissing petrol lamps.
1926–7Army & Navy Stores Catal. 88/1 Automatic ‘Petrol’ Lighter..With Nickel Case—each 1/3. 1930Sayers & ‘Eustace’ Documents in Case i. 151, I hunted through my pockets for a petrol lighter. 1978D. Bloodworth Crosstalk iv. 35 The end of his cigarette trembling in the tiny spluttering flame of an almost extinct petrol lighter.
1900Beaumont Motor Vehicles & Motors xiv. (heading), Light Petrol Motor Vehicles. Ibid. xv, Petrol Motor cycles. 1904T. H. White (title) Petrol motors and motor cars: a handbook for engineers, designers and draughtsmen. 1912Motor Manual (ed. 14) i. 1 The modern motorcar has been a gradual development since the introduction of the petrol motor or light internal-combustion engine by Benz, Levassor and Daimler.
1900Daily News 7 Sept. 6/5 The two petrol omnibuses now running had taught them some valuable lessons.
1907Westm. Gaz. 9 July 4/2 Wright's breakdown in the race..was variously ascribed to a broken valve, a seized piston, a choked petrol-pipe. 1925Morris Owner's Manual ii. 33 Clean petrol filter and petrol pipe. 1963R. F. Webb Motorists' Dict. 170 Petrol pipe, the flexible or copper tube carrying petrol from the petrol tank to the petrol pump or carburettor.
1908Westm. Gaz. 14 Apr. 4/2 Both the Wolseley and Thornycroft motors are masterpieces of engineering skill and ingenuity, and are taking us along as fast as applied science will admit towards the petrol-propelled battle⁓ship. 1922Joyce Ulysses 703 A scheme for the development of Irish tourist traffic in and around Dublin by means of petrolpropelled riverboats. 1928Manch. Guardian Weekly 19 Oct. 301/2 A hideous outbreak of advertisement hoardings, petrol pumps..and gaunt new motor-tracks. 1932J. Buchan Gap in Curtain ii. 96 They had to make a forced landing..on the skirts of Ruwenzori, where they found that something had gone wrong with the petrol pump and that some of the propeller and cylinder bolts had worked loose. Ibid. iv. 210 We want to get past the garages and petrol pumps and county council cottages to the ancient rustic England. 1963R. F. Webb Motorists' Dict. 170 When the float chamber of the carburettor is filled, the petrol pump encounters pressure and this opens a valve which stops further supplies of fuel being pumped up to the carburettor until the level of the reserve has dropped slightly. 1970‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Cookie Bird iv. 48 A black and white petrol-pump sign. 1976‘W. Trevor’ Children of Dynmouth i. 16 His sister was..employed as a petrol-pump attendant on the fore⁓court of the Smiling Service Filling Station.
1939Times 14 Oct. 5/3 Owners of vehicles and industrial plant who have been issued with only one month's additional petrol ration from the divisional petroleum office, should now apply for a further allowance for the second month if this is needed for essential purposes. 1948G. V. Galwey Lift & Drop v. 107 He's very scrupulous about his petrol ration being for professional purposes only. 1973Country Life 6 Dec. 1892/1 Last week..motorists were beginning to queue for their petrol-ration books.
1948M. Laski Tony Heaven iv. 59, I take it..that there's no petrol rationing for A's? 1973Times 4 Dec. 10/7 One or two people involved in industry said they were not worried about petrol rationing..they would..buy one or two more cars, draw the coupons, and sell the cars when rationing ended.
1958W. Sansom Cautious Heart 53 Do you know what a petrol-sniffer is?.. It's quite serious really, it's an addiction to the smell of petrol—like any other narcotic. People who work among petrol fumes get the habit. 1973Black World June 47/2 The..escapism..is ‘petrol-sniffing’, which produces a coma-like state.
1926Times 6 May 1/4 (Advt.), Wanted, hard, ambitious, and independent worker with {pstlg}750, to erect and operate new petrol station under exceptionally favourable supply contract. 1954Coast to Coast 1953–54 145 A petrol-station at the far end. 1969Listener 15 May 669/3, I suspect that Penguins and other paperbacks wouldn't sell at all well at petrol stations. 1972‘J. & E. Bonett’ No Time to Kill v. 52 He was approaching a petrol station... He drew up beside a row of pumps.
1902Kipling Traffics & Discov. (1904) 189 At Pigginfold, after ten minutes, we refilled our petrol tank and lavishly oiled our engines. 1973J. Leasor Host of Extras viii. 142 Drugs in spare tyres, dummy petrol tanks.. windscreen washer tanks. 1974Country Life 21 Nov. 1579/2 The petrol-tank capacity of 9·9 gallons was small for such a car. 1975J. Rathbone Kill Cure i. i. 7 His eyes returned to the road and the back of the large petrol tanker.
1908Autocar Handbk. (ed. 2) xix. 148 The petrol tap having been turned on, the float may be agitated so as to flood the carburetter. 1925Morris Owner's Manual i. 9 The petrol tap is at the bottom of the tank, under the dashboard.
1916J. Buchan Greenmantle xvi. 217, I got out the petrol tins and spare tyres and cached them among some rocks on the hillside. 1940‘Gun Buster’ Return via Dunkirk i. x. 76 First name out of the petrol tin was Turner's. 1966M. Woodhouse Tree Frog vi. 49 Petrol vapour clawed its way harshly into my lungs. 1974J. Dyson P.M.'s Boat is Missing xl. 209 He could smell the strong petrol vapour.
4. = petrol blue.
1927Daily Express 22 Feb. 6 (Advt.), White, Phlox, Cardinal, Red, Black, Brown, Navy, Bois de Rose, Lavender, Petrol, New Blue, Grey. 1971Vogue 15 Sept. 129/1 Coat..sizes 10–16; colours: black, purple, green, brown, petrol. 1971Guardian 18 Sept. 11/1 Dress and coat..Brown..Petrol, Grotto or Tomato.
Hence ˈpetrol v. trans., to supply with petrol; ˈpetrolage, the pouring of petroleum in a thin film over stagnant water and puddles, in order to prevent the breeding of mosquitoes; ˈpetrolless a., having no petrol.
1902Daily Mail 23 Apr. 3/6 The [motor-] cars can be fed, groomed, and petrolled for a nominal charge. 1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 630 It seems to me that this method should take from the first this form—namely drainage—and that it is not wise to substitute for it petrolage. Ibid. 633 He is evidently sparing of oil for petrolage. 1908Daily Chron. 31 July 4/3 The foolish virgins, with their oilless lamps, have found a latter-day analogue in the petrolless taxi-cabby. 1944Dylan Thomas Let. 27 July (1966) 265 The well-off people were dry and thin and grieved over their petrolless motorcars.
▪ II. petrol
obs. form of patrol. |