| 释义 |
▪ I. peruke, n.|pəˈruːk|
Forms: 6–7 perruke, 6–9 perruque, 7 perruck, -ucke, perru'ke, perrucq; 6 perug, 7 perucke, 6– peruke, peruque. See also other early forms under periwig.
[a. F. perruque (end of 15th c., in Diez and Littré), ad. It. perruca or parrucca, of obscure origin. Cf. Romanian parócę, Sp. peluca, Pg. peruca, -uqua, in same sense; also Sardinian pilucca, Lomb. peluch shock, lock, or large tuft of hair, Piedm. pluch, Genoese pellucco hair, thread. Generally conjectured to be derived from L. pilus, It. pelo, OF. pel hair; but the phonetic difficulties are considerable: see Diez and Littré; Hatz.-Darm. say ‘origin unknown’.
The earlier Eng. stress was ˈperruke, found in verse down to 1812; but Cotton has peˈruke a 1659.]
†1. A natural head of hair. Obs. [So F. perruque in 16th c.]
1548Elyot Dict., Capillamentum..the heare of a mannes head..a perruke. 1590C'tess Pembroke Antonie 1284 Who..Is not amazed at Perruque gray Olde rustie Charon weareth.
2. (In early use, distinguished as a false or artificial peruke.) A skull-cap covered with hair so as to represent the natural hair of the head; a periwig or wig. (In quot. 1661–2 app. a ‘heart-breaker’.)
(Fairholt makes the peruke ‘a less cumbrous article’ than the periwig, which ‘came into fashion in the time of Charles II’; but the name is found 120 years earlier than that, and identical in sense with periwig.)
1565–73Cooper Thesaurus, Capillamentum.., a false perruke. 1581Mulcaster Positions xxxix. (1887) 211 She..must needes haue an vnnaturall perug, to set forth her fauour, where her owne [hair] had been best. 1606Holland Sueton. 228 Wearing by reason of thin haire a perrucke [margin] Or counterfeit cap of false haire. 1613Hayward Norm. Kings 281 When their owne hair failed, they set artificiall Peruques, with long locks upon their heades. 1645G. Daniel Poems Wks. (Grosart) II. 63 My Perru'ke is as neat An Equipage as might Become a wooer. a1659Cotton Burlesque Gt. Frost Poems (1689) 99 Perukes now stuck so firm and stedfast, They all were riveted to headfast. 1661–2Pepys Diary 24 Mar., By and by comes La Belle Pierce to see my wife, and to bring her a pair of peruques of hair. 1668Evelyn Corr. 27 Aug., The use of their monstrous Perrucqs. 1757Wesley Wks. (1872) IX. 230 A fair peruke may adorn a weak head. 1812Combe Picturesque iv. (Chandos) 14 His chin well shaved, his peruke dressed. 1852Thackeray Esmond i. v, Perruques of different colours. Ibid. ii. xv, The generals in their perukes made way for him. 1878Browning Poets Croisic lxxx, If it be worthy praises or rebukes, My poem, from these Forty old perukes!
b. A (heraldic) representation of peruke.
1610J. Guillim Heraldry iii. xxv. (1611) 174 He beareth argent a cheueron gules between three peruques sable.
3. attrib. and Comb., as peruke-block, peruke-man.
1654Gayton Pleas. Notes iii. xiii. 159 Mr. Barber..was a Perruke-man by profession. 1713Swift Frenzy J. Dennis Wks. 1755 III. i. 145 Mr. John Dennis..snatched up a peruke-block that stood by the bedside.
Hence peˈrukeless a., without a peruke.
1875Dowden Shaks., His Mind & Art vii. 346 That a most Christian king should each morning receive his peruke inserted upon a cane through an aperture of his bed-curtains is entirely correct; for the valet cannot retain faith in a perukeless grand monarch.
▪ II. peˈruke, v. rare.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To furnish with a peruke.
1669Address hopeful young Gentry Eng. 32 Observe how fashion has prevail'd against nature to perruque all complexions with the fairest hair. |