| 释义 |
▪ I. perforce, adv., n.|pəˈfɔəs|
Forms: 4 par force, 4–6 parforce, 6– perforce, (6 perforse, Sc. perforss, 7 per force).
[ME. a. OF. par force by force (12th c.): see force n. 5 b.]
A. Phrase, adverb.
1.
†a. By the application of physical force or violence; by violence; forcibly. Obs.
c1330Arth. & Merl. 8040 (Kölbing), .xv. þousinde [paiens], þat hadden born hem oȝan Parfors in to Bedingham. 13..Seuyn Sag. (W.) 488 Par force he hadde me forth i nome. a1400K. Alis. 2533 (Bodl. MS.) Antioche & Tyberye also Abouten hij gonnen goo Par force smyten in to þe þrenge And duden beastes from oþere drenge. 1494Fabyan Chron. v. cxxiii. 100 They encountred the sayde people yt caryed the sayd treasoure and stuffe, & parforce toke it from the knyghtes. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xlviii. 162. 1545 T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde 73 It..draweth out the secondine parforce. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia 62 The Salvages assayed to carry him away perforce. 1670Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. i. (1694) 110 Unless such Ships of force were to go thither and Trade per force.
b. In weakened senses: By constraint of circumstances or of the prospect of physical force; by moral constraint; compulsorily, of necessity.
1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 237 b, By this craftie meanes he constreigned Caesar in maner parforce to geue hym perdone. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Nov. 127 Flouds of teares flowe in theyr stead perforse. 1675Hobbes Odyssey (1677) 231 Twelve days the wind continued at north, Which kept the fleet perforce within the bay. 1748Wesley Wks. (1872) II. 109, I went, perforce, into the main street. 1813Scott Trierm. iii. x, He paused perforce, and blew his horn. 1868E. Edwards Ralegh I. xxv. 606 The reader must perforce, on that one point, make his own inferences.
c. quasi-adj. Of necessity; necessitated, forced.
1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 408 Which by so much the more is to be borne, by howe much the more it is perforce. 1895J. Smith Perm. Message Exod. ix. 123 Here we have no perforce succumbing to an irresistible decree.
d. patience perforce: see patience n. 1 f. So to be patient perforce, etc.
c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xx. 9 Perforss tak paciens, And dre thy destiny. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 746 She being..without comfort of defenders, by pacience perforce, was compelled to suffer and susteyne. 1575–1680 [see patience 1 f]. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iii. ix. §28 The Papal party did struggle for a time, till at last they were patient per-force.
e. perforce of, properly ‘per force of’, ‘by force of’, ‘by dint of’.
1809Coleridge Lett., to D. Stuart (1895) 540 Periods..alarmingly long, perforce of their construction. 1868Tennyson Lucretius 167 Do they..so press in, perforce Of multitude?
B. quasi-n. and n.
1. quasi-n. in phrases by perforce, by force or compulsion; of perforce, of necessity. Also nonce-use = necessitating cause or circumstance.
1525Ld. Berners Froiss. ii. clxvi. [clxii.] 459 Nowe by perforce they cause the cardynalles to entre into conclaue, and to chuse a Pope. 1871Mrs. Whitney Real Folks iii. (1872) 89 With this backing, and the perforce of there being nobody else, young Dr. Ripwinkley had ten patients within the first week. 1897Westm. Gaz. 7 Aug. 3/1 Of perforce he is an authority on the subject.
†2. n. A military officer of inferior rank to a quarter-master, in the Scottish Army, 17th c. (Jamieson suggests A drum-major.) Obs.
1643Sc. Acts Chas. I (1819) VI. 47/1 With power to the said Colonell To nominat and appoynt..a perforce... The pay of the perforce to be monethlie 18 lib.
▪ II. † perˈforce, v. Obs.
Also 5–6 par-.
[a. OF. parforcier, -forcer, f. par through + forcer to force.]
lit. To force greatly.
1. refl. (= obs. F. se parforcer). To strive or endeavour to the utmost; to do one's best.
c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon vi. 138 Yf ye wyll parforce yourselfe a lityll, this paynymes shall not holde afore vs. 1490― Eneydos xix. 71 She parforseth hyr self, wyth hir grete teeth to ete the rotes vnder the grounde. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. R ij b, Yf God..gyue me good fortune I shall perforce me to make it hole complete.
2. trans. To force, constrain, oblige.
1509in Mem. Hen. VII (Rolls) 442 The kynge..wyl not in no wyse be perforsyd forto confyrme the sayed maryaje. 1530Palsgr. 652/2, I parforce a man, I constrayne hym to do a thyng. a1541Wyatt Poet. Wks. (1861) 122 When other run, perforc'd I am to creep. |