| 释义 |
perfectionist, n. (and a.)|pəˈfɛkʃənɪst|
[f. perfection n. + -ist.]
1. a. One who holds any theory or follows any practice as to the attainment of religious, moral, social, or political perfection.
1694S. Johnson Notes Past. Let. Bp. Burnet i. 66 Must the Wise and Free and Great Men of a Nation be Slaves for Company with such Perfectionists in Church-Doctrine? 1892W. B. Scott Autobiog. Notes I. 128 As a perfectionist in poetry, whose thought and rhythm were one, he [Leigh Hunt] seemed to hold Coleridge above all others.
b. esp. One who holds that religious or moral perfection may be attained; (with capital P) a name at various times assumed by or given to sects, parties, or persons, who held this doctrine, or claimed to have attained moral or spiritual perfection.
1657–83Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. p. xviii, Men of all religions..were protected and encouraged under notion of New Lights, Perfectionists, a Godly Party [etc.]. a1665J. Goodwin Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 231 The apostle saying unto the Galatians, ‘So that ye cannot do the things that ye would’, is as a sword passing through the soul of those who are called perfectionists amongst us, casting down the crown of their conceit of perfection to the ground. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) III. xx. 124, I have read in some of our perfectionists enough to make a better man than myself either run into madness or despair. 1791Hampson Mem. J. Wesley III. 197 Perfectionists and Anti-perfectionists were the grand divisions of methodism. 1882Farrar Early Chr. II. 408 note, Whether there is any special allusion to Gnostic Antinomian Perfectionists.
c. spec. (with capital P.) A member of the communistic community of Oneida Creek, N.Y.
1867Dixon New Amer. (ed. 6) II. xx. 208 On the opposite verge of thought..stands a body of reformers who call themselves, in their dogmatic aspect, Perfectionists, in their social aspect, Bible Communists. 1874J. H. Blunt Dict. Sects, Perfectionists, a..sect of Antinomian Communists, established about the year 1845 by John Humphrey Noyes. 1875N. Amer. Rev. CXX. 227 The success that he ascribes to the Shakers, the Perfectionists, and the rest.
d. attrib. (in various senses).
c1847Whittier Fame & Glory Prose Wks. 1889 III. 389 There are..perfectionist reformers..who wait to see the salvation which it is the task of humanity itself to work out. 1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics x. i. Notes (1860) II. 307 Many were beginning to seek in this perfectionist doctrine a refuge from the exactions of the priesthood. 1867Dixon New Amer. (ed. 6) I. xxii. 243 According to all the Perfectionist prophets, Holiness and Liberty are the two primary elements in the atmosphere of heaven,—that is to say of a perfect society.
2. a. One who is only satisfied with the highest standards.
1934in Webster. 1951‘J. Tey’ Daughter of Time ii. 28 A worrier: perhaps a perfectionist. A man..anxious over details. 1969‘R. Gordon’ Facts of Life ii. 14, I hated performing anything badly... Like so many women doctors, I was a perfectionist. 1978Vogue 1 Mar. 114/1 Bette Davis's misfortune is to be a perfectionist in an industry run by opportunists.
b. as adj. Demanding perfection or perfectionism (sense 2).
1958Times Rev. Industry Aug. 50/3 The extreme sensitivity of the Talysurf and its companion instrument aroused some resistance among engineers at first. They claimed that the methods were too perfectionist for everyday practical purposes. 1977Listener 17 Mar. 332/2 Let us not be élitist, perfectionist... Singapore does provide its people with a decent..existence. 1978P. Boardman Worlds of Patrick Geddes vii. 226 P.G. certainly could be called a perfectionist parent. He urged them from early years to take notes.
Hence perfectioˈnistic a., (a) of or pertaining to Perfectionists; (b) tending towards perfectionism (sense 2).
1882–3Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 1841 Löscher..rejected those chiliastic, terministic, and perfectionistic doctrines [of the pietists]. 1968P. B. Austin On Being Swedish xvii. 124 In its heaviness of spirit, a bleakness of insight so intense that all its perfectionistic arrangements can obviously only be oil on the stormy waters. 1977W. J. Bate Samuel Johnson ii. viii. 117 Johnson's fears of insanity..[were] a fanciful delusion resulting from a perfectionistic notion of ‘sanity’. |