| 释义 |
peregrine, peregrin, a. and n.|ˈpɛrɪgrɪn|
Forms: 4–5 peregryn(e, (6 pelegryne), perrygryne, 7 perigrine, 6– peregrine, 7– -grin.
[ad. L. peregrīn-us coming from foreign parts, foreign, a foreigner, f. pereger that is abroad or on a journey, peregre adv., abroad, to or from foreign parts, f. per through + ager field, territory, land, country; cf. F. peregrin adj., migratory, foreign (16th c.), n. a pilgrim, in Oresme a 1400 (Godef.). In Eng. found first, and until the 16th c. only, in the name of the faucon peregryn or peregrine falcon, in OF. faulcon pelerin (under the influence of which Ld. Berners has fawcon pelegryne). The inherited form of L. peregrīnus, through Romanic and OF., is pilgrim, q.v.]
A. adj.
1. Foreign, belonging to another country; outlandish, strange; imported from abroad; also, † foreign, extraneous, or alien to the matter in hand (obs.). peregrine tone (med.L. tonus peregrīnus), name of one of the Gregorian ‘tones’ or chants.
c1530L. Cox Rhet. (1899) 52 Other prohemes (whiche..are not set out of the very mater it selfe)..are called peregrine or straunge prohemes. c1540Pilgr. T. 188 in Thynne's Animadv. (1865) 82, I toke him to be a straunger;..we ware both perrygryne. 1574Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. (1577) 165 You aske me histories so straunge and peregrine, that my wittes may not in any wise but needes go on pilgrimage. 1585Sir J. Melvil Let. in Wodrow Soc. Misc. (1844) I. 439 Mr. Craig to preach openly against the Peregrine ministers. 1609Douland Ornith. Microl. 35 There is another Tone, which many call the Peregrine, or strange Tone,..it is very seldome vsed in our Harmony. 1679Evelyn Sylva xxiv. (ed. 3) 119 Our Damasco-Plum, Quince, Medlar, Figue,..as well as..several other Peregrine trees. 1728Morgan Algiers I. Pref. 25 Matters of so peregrine and grotesk a Nature as this [History]. 1831Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 333 Some persons have declared the style of the author [Bentham] to be..occasionally peregrine and difficult. 1893Working Mens' Coll. Jrnl. Oct. 259 In my own small garden I have four peregrine species of grass.
2. Astrol. Of a planet: Situated in a part of the zodiac where it has none of its essential dignities.
1588J. Harvey Disc. Probl. 108 Jupiter..extolled, and preferred aboue Saturne, who at that instant is Peregrine, and out of all his essentiall dignities. 1663Dryden Wild Gallant Prol. 26 Venus, the lady of that house, I find Is Peregrine. 1706Phillips s.v., Among Astrologers, a Planet is said to be peregrine, when found in a Sign or Place of Heaven, where it has none of its five Essential Dignities, viz. House, Exaltation, Triplicity, Term, or Face. 1819J. Wilson Compl. Dict. Astrol. 168 The lord of the house being combust, retrograde or peregrine.
†3. Upon a pilgrimage; upon one's travels; travelling abroad. Obs.
1655M. Carter Hon. Rediv. (1660) 209 Certain peregrine Christians going to visit the Holy Sepulchre. 1658Osborn Adv. Son Wks. (1673) 55, I am not much unwilling to give way to peregrine motion for a time. 1768Sterne Sent. Journ. (1778) I. 25 (Desobligeant) The whole army of peregrine martyrs; more especially those travellers who set out upon their travels..under the direction of governors.
4. peregrine falcon (also 4–5 faucon peregryn(e, 6 fawcon pelegryne, and see B. 3): a typical species of falcon (Falco peregrinus) of very wide distribution, and formerly held in the greatest esteem for hawking. [The name is merely an Englishing of the med.L. falco peregrinus (used c 1250 by Albertus Magnus De Animal. xxiii. viii, Falconum genus quod vocatur peregrinum); the Fr. is faucon pélerin (used c 1263 by Brunetto Latini); It. falcone pellegrino (13th c.); all meaning ‘pilgrim falcon’; so called because the young were not, like the nidaces, niais, or eyas hawks, taken from the nest (which is usually built on an inaccessible crag or precipice), but caught on their passage or ‘pilgrimage’ from their breeding-place: ‘faucons que om apele pelerins, parce que mes ne trueve son nif, ains est pris aussi comme en pelerinage’, Brunet. Lat. Trésor cl. (ed. Chabaille 202). Hence also the name passage-hawk; in Eng. transl. of Buffon, pilgrim falcon or hawk. (See also haggard n.)]
There are numerous local races, varieties, or sub-species, some of which, as the American peregrine or Duck-hawk (Falco anatum) and the Australian F. melanogenys, are by many ornithologists ranked as distinct species.
c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 420 A ffaucon peregryn [v.r. -gryne] thanne semed she Of fremde Land. 1486Bk. St. Albans D iij b, Ther is a Fawken peregryne. And that is for an Erle. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xlvi. 159 Fawcons pelegrynes, that haue stande and rested longe on the perche hath grete desyre to flye abrode. 1575Turberv. Falconrie 33 Of the Haggart Falcon, and why she is called the Peregrine, or Haggart. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. V. 121 The peregrine falcon does not moult till the middle of August. 1843Yarrell Hist. Birds I. 32 The great docility of the Peregrine Falcon, and the comparative ease with which the birds are procured, has rendered them the most frequent objects of the falconer's care and tuition. 1875W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 139 These precipices are frequented by the peregrine falcon.
5. peregrin prætor [L. prætor peregrīnus], a second prætor appointed at Rome b.c. 47, to administer justice between Roman citizens and peregrins, or between peregrins themselves: see B. 1.
1880Muirhead Gaius i. §6 The two praetors, the urban and the peregrin.
B. n.
1. A sojourner in a foreign land; a person residing in a place where he is a stranger or foreigner; now only in Rom. Antiq. A resident in ancient Rome not having the rights of citizenship, an alien denizen.
1593Bilson Govt. Christ's Ch. 7 Isaac and Iacob soiourned as strangers and peregrines first in the land of Canaan. a1656Ussher Ann. vi. (1658) 430 They were peregrines and strangers in the land of the Jews. 1675Crowne Country Wit iii. 47 b, The great favours and honours you were pleas'd to confer on me, who am but a peregrine. 1880Muirhead Gaius i. §68 If a woman who is a Roman citizen has by mistake married a peregrin as if he also were a citizen, she is permitted to prove cause of error. Ibid. iv. §37 In the same way a peregrin feigns citizenship when he is pursuer in the same action.
†2. A pilgrim; a traveller in a foreign land. Obs.
1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 468/1 In the which yeare were numbred of peregrines goyng in, and commyng out euery day at Rome, to the estimation of fiue thousand. 1625Purchas Pilgrims ix. vii. §1 Here [Mecka] we found a maruellous number of Strangers, and Peregrines or Pilgrims. 1654Gayton Pleas. Notes iii. ii. 76 The story of an Outlandish Peregrine, or Traveller.
3. = peregrine falcon: see A. 4.
1555Eden Decades 283 There are also ierfalcons sakers and peregrines whiche were vnknowen to the ancient princes. 1612Selden Illustr. Drayton's Poly-olb. v. 85 Whether these here are the Haggarts (which they call Peregrin's), or Falcon⁓gentles, I am no such Falconer to argue; but this I know, that the reason of the name of Peregrin's is giuen, for that they com from remote and vnknowne places. a1661Fuller Worthies, Shropsh. 4 The Aryes of Pembrook-shire, where Perigrines did plentifully breed. 1759B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. II. Pembroke 359 Excellent Faulcons, called Peregrins. 1865Kingsley Herew. xx, Out of the reeds..shot the peregrine.
4. Usu. with initial capital. A red-skinned variety of peach with white flesh, developed and introduced by the Rivers nursery in 1903.
1903Jrnl. R. Hort. Soc. XXVIII. p. cxcii, Award of Merit... To Peach ‘Peregrine’..from Messrs. Rivers, Sawbridgeworth. 1907Daily Chron. 13 June 6/4 A specimen peregrine peach tree grown in quite a small flower⁓pot is seven feet high, and bears much fruit. 1929E. A. Bunyard Anat. Dessert 89 In mid-August we have Peregrine, that finest of recent peaches, combining flavour, appearance, and good crop in a manner rarely found. 1958Listener 20 Nov. 853/3 The most outstanding variety of peach is Peregrine. 1971G. E. Whitehead Grow Fruit in your Greenhouse viii. 94 The peach ‘Peregrine’ and the nectarine, ‘Pine Apple’, make an ideal pair. |