| 释义 |
▪ I. percolate, n.|ˈpɜːkələt|
[ad. L. percōlāt-um strained, neuter pa. pple. of percōlāre: see next.]
A product of percolation.
1885C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts Ser. iv. 205/2 Each successive part of the percolate lessens the sugar in the percolator. 1898Rev. Brit. Pharm. 7 The alcohol is recovered from the last two percolates, and the residual extract dissolved in the reserved percolate.
▪ II. percolate, v.|ˈpɜːkəleɪt|
[f. L. percōlāt-, ppl. stem of percōlāre, f. per per- 1 through + cōlāre to strain, f. cōl-um a strainer.]
1. a. trans. To cause (a liquid) to pass through the interstices of a porous body or medium; to strain or filter (naturally or artificially). Loosely, To cause (a finely divided solid) to trickle or pass through pores or minute apertures, to sift. Now rare.
1626Bacon Sylva §396 Springs on the Tops of High-Hills are the best: For..they..are more Percolated thorow a great Space of Earth. 1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 292 You shall percolat it through a sieve or course cloath. 1715tr. Pancirollus' Rerum Mem. I. iv. x. 190 Strainers, through which they percolated Snow to cool their Wines. c1842E. J. Lance Cottage Farmer 23 Oatmeal..undressed, percolated between the fingers into boiling water.
b. fig.
a1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. ii. i. 129 The Evidences of Fact are as it were percolated through a vast Period of Ages, and many very obscure to us. 1808Bentham Sc. Reform 48 Double-refined, and treble-refined, by being percolated through the lips and pens of Commissioners and Commissioners' Clerks, and Agents, and Writers to the Signet. 1970P. Laurie Scotland Yard iv. 92 Churchill's funeral was ten years' planning, and it probably contained, percolated through a succession of intermediate heroes, elements of Nelson's. 1978Time 6 Nov. 28/2 Connecticut's Ella Grasso, the first woman to win a governorship in her own right, says these victories will percolate women into office in a few years.
c. To prepare (coffee) in a percolator.
1966New Statesman 3 June 819/1 First found percolating stale morning coffee in his office. 1974‘J. Ross’ Burning of Billy Toober xiv. 127 Rogers made the mortuary in twenty minutes, not stopping to shave or percolate coffee. 1978N. J. Crisp London Deal v. 72 The man⁓servant was percolating coffee.
2. a. intr. Said of a liquid: To pass through a porous substance or medium; to filter, ooze, or trickle through.
1684Boyle Porousn. Anim. & Solid Bod. vi. 94 A tradition, that in..the West Indies they have..large Vessels, wherein they put water to percolate, as it were, through a strainer. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 62 Through these Jars the Water transpires and percolates into an earthen Vessel underneath. 1726Swift Gulliver iii. v, Extracting the nitre, and letting the aqueous or fluid particles percolate. 1813Bakewell Introd. Geol. (1815) 109 The caverns have been formed by the agency of water percolating through natural fissures. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 24 The water which has percolated through the sandy beds.
b. fig. (cf. filter, trickle.)
1867Lewes Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) II. 399 That influence..has percolated down to the most ordinary intelligences. 1876Gladstone Homeric Synchr. 251 The worship of Isis had percolated at several points into the Greek Peninsula. 1934C. Lambert Music Ho! iii. 185 Oriental influences..have percolated naturally through these racial frontiers. 1935B. Malinowski Coral Gardens II. vi. 244 The magic percolates,..so that practically everybody in the village knows it. 1977P. D. James Death of Expert Witness iii. 128 News percolated through a village community by a process of verbal osmosis.
3. trans. Of a liquid: To ooze or filter through (a porous body or medium); to permeate.
1794Sullivan View Nat. I. 258 It suffers that rain to percolate the earth. 1799Kirwan Geol. Ess. 118 Water percolating the pores of the basalt. 1885R. Buchanan Master of Mine vii, It was actually percolated with sea⁓water oozing through the solid granitic mass.
fig.1865Merivale Rom. Emp. VIII. lxvii. 306 A senate..so freely percolated by the blood of the lower classes. 1965New Statesman 7 May 737/2 One reason why this has so slowly percolated British consciousness..is British reporting.
4. intr. To walk, to stroll. U.S. slang.
1942Z. N. Hurston in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 223/1 Then he would..percolate on down the Avenue. 1945L. Shelly Jive Talk Dict. 15/2 Percolate, to meander.
Hence ˈpercolated ppl. a.; ˈpercolating vbl. n. and ppl. a.; percolating filter, a type of filter used in the treatment of sewage, usu. after the removal of suspended solids, consisting of a bed of inert, porous material such as crushed rock through which the sewage is allowed to percolate, so that noxious organic matter is removed by aerobic micro-organisms.
1694‘S. S.’ Loyal & Impart. Satirist 22 In you Socratick Wisdom do's survive And flow with purer percolated streams. 1864W. K. Tweedie Lakes & Rivers of Bible i. 20 Like percolating water it [bitumen] exudes through the veins into the wells. 1872C. King Mountain. Sierra Nev. ix. 191 Under the influence of the..constant percolating of surface waters. 1880Geikie Phys. Geog. iv. 246 Limestone is liable to be dissolved and removed by percolating rain-water. 1901S. Barwise Bacterial Purification of Sewage iv. 37 The Commissioners in their Report speak of two artificial filtration processes—Contact Beds and Continuous Filtration. In this book I have adopted the phrase ‘Percolating Filters’, instead of that of ‘Continuous Filters’, because some of the continuous filters are worked intermittently, and intermittent continuous filtration is a verbal contradiction. 1936[see bacterium 2]. 1972Water Research VI. 781 In the United Kingdom conventional sewage treatment by sedimentation plus secondary treatment by percolating filters or activated sludge plants is not normally adequate to provide an effluent acceptable for re-use.
Add:[2.] c. Of coffee: to be prepared by percolation; also (as a back-formation f. percolator n.), of a coffee-pot: to prepare coffee in this way.
1934in Webster. 1977J. Tarrant Rommel Plot xx. 208 Epp filled the coffeepot..leaving it to percolate on a low flame. 1978E. Ellenbogen tr. Simenon's Maigret & Toy Village iii. 52 In the kitchen, a pot of coffee was percolating. |