| 释义 |
pensioner|ˈpɛnʃənə(r)|
Also 5 pensener, 6–7 penc-, pentioner.
[a. AF. pensionner = OF. pensionnier (1365 in Godef.) = med.L. pensiōnārius; f. pension, pension: see -er2.]
I. One who receives a pension or payment.
1. One who is in receipt of pension or regular pay; one who is in the pay of another; in early use, a paid or hired soldier, a mercenary; in 17–18th c. often with implication of base motives: a hireling, tool, creature.
1487Rolls of Parlt. VI. 396/2 The said Wages, Fees and Rewardes, of the said Capiteyne, Lieutenaunte and Souldeours, Artificers, Pensioners and Feodaries, of the said Towne of Caleis and Castell ther. 1549Compl. Scot. xx. 166 Ȝe ar be cum sodiours & pensionaris to ȝour enemeis. 1673Essex Papers (Camden) I. 76 All which gives me ground to suspect he is a Pensioner of France. a1693Ld. Delamere Chas. II.'s Pensioners Wks. (1694) 116 The Name of a Pensioner is very distastful to every English Spirit. 1732Pope Ep. Bathurst 394 In Britain's Senate he a seat obtains, And one more pensioner St. Stephen gains. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 5 June, If all the clerks of the Treasury, of the Secretaries, the War-office and the Admiralty should take it in their heads to throw up their places, in imitation of the great pensioner [Pitt]. 1863Annals of Engl. III. 63 (an. 1668) Charles [II.] became the pensioner of the French king. 1874Motley Barneveld I. ix. 365 A tool of the court and a secret pensioner of Spain.
b. spec. One who is in receipt of a pension or stated allowance, in consideration of past services or on account of injuries received in service; formerly applied esp. to the inmates of Chelsea and Greenwich Hospitals.
1706–1849 [see out-pensioner]. 1721Amherst Terræ Fil. No. 44 (1754) 234 If the single article of losing an arm or a leg gives a man the precedence of æneas, many a poor pensioner of Chelsea college hath an equal right to it with his lordship. 1834Tait's Mag. 196/2 The office of Comptrollers of Army Accounts is to be abolished, and the in-pensioners of Kilmainham are to be removed to Chelsea. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xx. IV. 408 Greyheaded old pensioners who crept about the arcades and alleys of Chelsea Hospital.
†c. One maintained by public charity or in a charitable institution. Obs.
1557Order of Hospitalls C j, The Number of children remaining and Pencioners relieved at the Cities charge.
†d. The recipient of an ecclesiastical pension; a beneficed clergyman: = pensionary n.1 1 b.
1578Reg. Privy Council Scot. III. 22 Gif ony beneficit man or pensionare sall happin to be slayne,..the narrest qualifiit persoun of his kin sal have the presentatioun and provisioun of his benefice and gift of his pensioun. 1581Ibid. 422 Parson of Eglischame and vicar pensioner of Kilmarnok.
e. fig.
1742Young Nt. Th. i. 67 And can Eternity belong to me, Poor Pensioner on the Bounties of an Hour? 1878B. Taylor Deukalion i. i. 17 We, Earth's pensioners, Expect less bounty when her store is scant.
†2. spec. One of a body of gentlemen, instituted by Henry VIII in 1509, as a body-guard to the sovereign within the royal palace; a gentleman-at-arms: = gentleman 2 b. Obs.
Originally called Spearmen, in 1539 Pensioners, later Gentlemen-Pensioners; now Gentlemen-at-arms.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 239 The kyng rode to the last ende of the ranke where the Speares or Pencyoners stoode. 1573–80Baret Alv. P 253 Pensioner, a Gentleman about his Prince alwaie redie, with his speare: a spearer. 1598Shakes. Merry W. ii. ii. 79. 1601 Stow Annals 973 (an. 1539) In the moneth of December, were appointed to wayte on the kings person 50. Gentlemen, called Pencioners or Speares, like as they were in the first yeere of the king. 1603Ld. G. Hunsden Let. to Jas. I in Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. (1737) 230 It pleased Her Majesty..to grace me with the Captain-ship of Her Band of Gentlemen-Pensioners. 1630–1706 [see gentleman 2 b]. 1737J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. ii. 229 His Majesty's Honourable Band of Gentlemen-Pensioners. Ibid. 231 The Band of Pensioners have the Honour to bear the King's Royal Banner.
†b. transf. A member of a body-guard, an attendant, a retainer. Obs.
1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 417 When his guard and pensioners were come to this cottage where he [Antiochus] had beene lodged. 1632― Cyrupœdia 173 Hereupon he draweth out of them a guard of ten thousand Pensioners, who night and day should watch..his Palace.
fig.1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. i. 10, I serue the Fairy Queene,..The Cowslips tall, her pensioners bee. 1632Milton Penseroso 10 Hovering dreams, The fickle Pensioners of Morpheus train.
3. The officer in the Inns of Court who collected the pensions, kept the pension-book or pension-roll, and accounted for the moneys received (cf. pension n. 5). Obs. exc. Hist.
1429–30Black Bks. of Lincoln's Inn I. 4 Pensener. 1481–2Ibid. 74 To maister Lovell, at yt tyme Pensionar. 1507Inner Temple Rec. 9 On part to remayne in the seid chest and the other with the pencyoner. 1570Pension Bk. Gray's Inn 1 There shalbe provided 3 dozen of sasers be the pencioner. 1651Black Bks. Lincoln's Inn II. 393 It is ordered..that there shalbe a Pencioner yearely chosen. 1663in Waterhouse Comm. Fortescue's De Laud. Leg. 544 Of these [Benchers] is one yearly chosen, which is called the Treasurer, or in some house Pensioner, who receiveth yearly the said pension money. 1903Staple Inn & its Story 54 The pensioner, corresponding much to what we term the bursar of a college, was elected by the ancients.
†4. A pensionary of a Dutch city or province; the (Grand) Pensionary of Holland. Obs.
1652Earl of Monmouth tr. Bentivoglio's Hist. Relat. 5 The greatest is usually compos'd of one or two Burgomasters, some Sheriffs, one Scout Master, one Treasurer, and one or two Pensioners. 1669Lond. Gaz. No. 428/4 The Heer Iohan de Witt Counsellor of Dordrecht, and a neer kinsman of the Pensioner of that name. 1673Temple Observ. United Prov. Wks. 1731 I. 32 The Pensioner..is a Civil-Lawyer, vers'd in the Customs, and Records, and Privileges of the Town, concerning which he informs the Magistracy upon Occasion, and vindicates them upon Disputes with other Towns. 1756Nugent Gr. Tour, Netherl. I. 19 The pensioner of Holland, who sits with the nobility, delivers their vote, and assists at all their deliberations.
II. One who makes a stated periodical payment.
†5. A tributary. Obs. rare.
1590R. Hichcock Quintess. Wit 60 A State..her neighbours, to haue her their freende, doo make them selues her Pencionares. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. iv. 210 In the meine tyme the Britanis quha now x ȝeiris had bene pensioneris to the Scottis, quyetlie, throuch counsel of Conan..conspyre against the Scottis and Peychtes.
6. At Cambridge University: An undergraduate student who is not a Scholar on the foundation of a college, or a Sizar; one who pays for his own commons and other expenses; = Commoner at Oxford.
c1450in Cole's MS. (B.M. Addit. 5845) lf. 179 b, Item, the Monkys pay to the Bedellys in Quinquagesima Dominica, every Monke that is a Pensyoner—xxd... except that he be a Graduatt, then he shall not pay. 1570G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 3 The Pensionars were also forthwith propoundid. 1775Mason Mem. Gray Gray's Poems 3 From thence he removed to St. Peter's College, Cambridge, where he was admitted a pensioner in the year 1734. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 111 The greater pensioners are sons of the nobility..dine with the fellows..the lesser pensioners dine with the scholars that are on the foundation, but live at their own expense. 1888A. Dobson Goldsmith 20 He [Goldsmith] had hoped to go to Trinity College as a pensioner. 1900Camb. Univ. Cal, 5 Orders in the several Colleges: 1. Head, 2. Fellows,..6. Scholars, 7. Pensioners, who form the great body of the Students, who pay for their commons, chambers, &c., 8. Sizars.
†7. One who lives in a house or institution paying for lodging and board; a boarder; esp. a girl or woman living en pension in a convent or school in France, Belgium, etc.; = F. pensionnaire. Obs.
1672Dryden Assignation iv. iv, We are the two new pensioners, Laura and Violetta. 1691tr. Emilianne's Observ. Journ. Naples 137 All of them take in Pensioners, and there is never a Religious House, that hath not at the least Three⁓score or Fourscore of them. 1745Eliza Heywood Female Spect. No. 10 (1748) II. 187 She entered into a monastery, where she still lives a pensioner. 1827Scott Napoleon ii. Wks. 1870 IX. 397 note, The..convent..where Josephine was..a pensioner or boarder.
8. attrib., as pensioner guide, pensioner messenger; pensioner parliament (see parliament n.1 8).
1678Luttrell Brief Rel. 9 Nov. (1857) I. 3 It was a parliament that gave those vast summs of money, and therefore called the pensioner parliament. 1711–12Steele Spect. No. 326 ⁋2 A Band of Pensioner-Matrons, and an old Maiden Relation. 1856Ruskin Harbours Eng. Pref., My pensioner guide..at Greenwich Hospital. 1898Daily News 22 Mar. 5/2 Wherever there are park-keepers wanted, customs watchers, prison warders, inland revenue, or pensioner messengers, there the retired soldier has his chance.
Hence ˈpensionership, the office or position of a pensioner (in quot. in sense 3).
1569Pension Bk. Gray's Inn (1901) 3 Mr. Stanhope for hys dilligence used in thoffice of the pentionershipp shalbe allowed on varlett. |