| 释义 |
Penrose, n. Math. and Physics.|ˈpɛnrəʊz|
[The name of Roger Penrose (b. 1931), British mathematical physicist.]
1. Penrose diagram, a usu. two-dimensional representation of space-time in which infinity is depicted as a boundary to the finite regions (proposed by Penrose 1964, in C. & B. de Witt Relativity, Groups & Topology 565).
1973Hawking & Ellis Large Scale Structure Space-Time v. 123 One can also represent the conformal structure of infinity by drawing a diagram of the (t′, r′) plane... In fact, the structure of infinity in any spherically symmetric space–time can be represented by a diagram of this sort, which we shall call a Penrose diagram. 1979Soviet Physics Jrnl. XXII. 594 A simple method is described for constructing the Penrose diagrams for a given metric. 1982Communications Theoret. Physics I. 229 Some new Penrose diagrams are given. 1986Scientia Sinica (Ser. A) XXIX. 887 The whole spacetime manifold can be expressed in a Penrose diagram.
2. Penrose process, a mechanism postulated by Penrose whereby energy can under certain circumstances escape from a black hole (see quot. 1986).
[1972Astrophysical Jrnl. CLXXVIII. 357 In the Penrose energy-extraction process, a body breaks up into two or more fragments.] 1974Internat. Astron. Union Symposium LXIV. 94 Amplification of electromagnetic and gravitational waves reflected from a rotating black hole..leads, as well as the Penrose process, to the energy extraction from a Kerr black hole at the expense of its rotational energy and momentum decrease. 1986Astrophysical Jrnl. CCCVII. 38 The Penrose process..envisages a particle incident from infinity, entering the ergosphere, and splitting into two fragments, one of which follows a negative energy orbit while the other escapes to infinity with a total energy greater than that of the incident particle, thereby extracting energy from the hole.
3. Designating: (a) (esp. as Penrose tiling) any tiling of the plane using tiles of a finite number of shapes according to certain constraints such that no translation of the plane maps each tile precisely on to another; also applied to the analogous concept in three dimensions; (b) (esp. as Penrose tile) each of the elements used in such a tiling, lattice, etc.
1975R. M. Robinson (title) Comments on Penrose tiles. 1977Sci. Amer. Jan. 112/2 In 1973 Penrose found a set of six tiles that force nonperiodicity. Soon he found a way to reduce them to four, and in 1974 he lowered them to two... The shapes of a pair of Penrose tiles can vary. Ibid. 115/1 To approach the full beauty and mystery of the Penrose tiling one should make at least 100 kites and 50 darts. 1984Physical Rev. B XXXII. 5765/1 The underlying 5 D space-group symmetry of the Penrose lattices has not been revealed before. 1986Sci. Amer. Aug. 39/3 If the Penrose rhombohedrons are to be a good description of a particular shechtmanite alloy, the variations must be small. 1986Physica Scripta t. XIII. 291/1 The projection method, in which cube lattice points in 6-dimensional space contained in a specially selected strip are projected by orthogonal projection into 3-dimensional space. The result is a 3 D Penrose tiling by two different rhombohedra. |