| 释义 |
pennyroyal|pɛnɪˈrɔɪəl|
Forms: penny (in its var. forms) with α. 6–7 ryal(l, rial(l, etc. (rarely two words or hyphened; 10 varr.), β. 6–8 royal(l, etc. (as one word, two words, or hyphened; 13 varr.); 7– pennyroyal.
[app. an alteration (? corruption) of the earlier pulyole ryale, in AF. puliol real = OF. poliol, pouliol, poulieul thyme (:—L. type *pulegiōl-um, dim. of L. pulegium thyme) + réal, royal royal. Intervening stages between poliol and pen(n)y have not been found; mod. Walloon dialects have poli, pouli; mod.F. pouliot.]
1. A species of mint (Mentha Pulegium), with small leaves and prostrate habit; formerly much cultivated and esteemed for its supposed medicinal virtues.
α1530Palsgr. 253/1 Penneryall an herbe, poulliot. 1538Turner Libellus, Origanum..est herba quam uulgus appellat Penyryall. c1550Lloyd Treas. Health Q iv, Leaves of Rue, Tyme, Organe, Pennyrial. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 94 Peneriall. 1657C. Beck Univ. Char. I vij b, Penirial herb.
β1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 58 b, Maioram, Peny⁓royall. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. ccxxi. 671 Our common Pennie Royall. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 197 One ounce of Thyme, one ounce of Penny-royal. 1671Salmon Syn. Med. iii. xxii. 422 Penyroyal..good against cold and affections of the Nerves and Joynts. 1736Bailey Househ. Dict. 459 Penny royal is..of a sharp bitter taste. 1853A. Soyer Pantroph. 73 They may be seasoned with pepper, pennyroyal, honey, or sun-made wine.
2. Applied, usually with qualifying words, to other aromatic labiates, or other plants.
†a. wood pennyroyal: a name proposed by Turner for the Wood Speedwell, Veronica officinalis. Obs.
†b. wild pennyroyal: Basil Thyme, Calamintha Acinos. Obs.
c. In North America, applied to the fragrant labiate Hedeoma pulegioides (or other species).
d. bastard pennyroyal or false pennyroyal: names for two N. American labiates, Trichostemma dichotomum and Isanthus cœruleus.
e. = Pennyroyal-tree: see 3.
1538Elyot Dict., Tragoriganon, an herbe whiche I suppose, is callyd Peny royalle growyng wylde. 1548Turner Names of Herbes 19 It maye be called in englishe Paules Betony or wodde Peny ryal. 1552Huloet, Peny royall, or puliel royall wyld, calamintha, tragoriganon. 1578Lyte Dodoens ii. lxxv. 247 There be three sortes of Calamynt... The second kinde which is called wild Penny⁓ryall, hath also square stalkes couered with softe Cotton, and almost creeping by the ground. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 322 Virginian Penny-royal, Satureia. 1857Henfrey Bot. 350 Hedeoma pulegioides is the Penny-royal of the United States. 1858Longfellow M. Standish viii, Over the pastures..made fragrant by sweet penny-royal.
3. attrib. pennyroyal-tree, Satureia viminea (Treas. Bot., 1866); pennyroyal-water, a liquor distilled from the leaves of pennyroyal, formerly used in medicine.
1761Mrs. Delany in Life & Corr. (1861) III. 629 [She] took a cup with pennyroyal water in her own hand. 1855Delamer Kitch. Gard. (1861) 134 Pennyroyal water was formerly much distilled as an antidote to spasmodic, nervous, and hysterical affections. |