| 释义 |
pendentive, n. (a.)|pɛnˈdɛntɪv|
[ad. F. pendentif, -ive (1567 in Hatz.-Darm.), f. L. pendent-em hanging: see -ive.]
1. Arch. Each of the spherical triangles (or triangular segments) formed by the intersection of a hemispherical dome (or in extended use, a conical surface) by two pairs of opposite arches springing from the four supporting columns; orig. (as in the Byzantine and derived architectures) supporting an independent dome, cupola, or the like. Also (as in Gothic architecture) extended to each of the similar segments constituting that part of a groined vault resting on a single impost.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., The pendentives are usually of brick, or soft stone. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 148 Pendentives are either spherical, spheroidal, or conical. 1840Penny Cycl. XVII. 402/2. 1842–76 Gwilt Archit. §2091 To cover the ceiling of a square room with conical pendentives. 1849Freeman Archit. 168 Four columns..served to support the cupola... Being raised on a square ground plan, the angles were connected by pendentives, whose ingenious and varied combinations are especially remarkable.
¶2. Incorrect uses: = pendant 5, 6.
1845Ford Handbk. Spain I. iii. 374 The honeycomb stalactical pendentives..are all constructed on mathematical principles; they are composed of numerous prisms, united by their contiguous lateral surfaces. 1861E. A. Beaufort Egypt. Sepulchres I. ii. 16 The high flat walls are unrelieved by..any architectural ornament, save one invariable line of cornice along the top of the wall, formed of simple pendentives of three bricks in the upper row, two bricks in the second, and one brick below these. 1893H. G. Keene Hist. India I. ii. §1. 60 It is now in five storeys, the two lower divided from the rest by balconies, supported on rich pendentives going all round the circumference.
B. adj. Of or belonging to pendentives; of the form of or having pendentives.
1790W. Wrighte Grotesque Archit. 8 The dome was..ornamented with pendentive shell and frosted work. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 578 Pendentive cradling, is a cove bracketing, springing from the rectangular walls of an apartment upwards to the ceiling, so as to form the horizontal part of the ceiling into a complete circle or ellipsis. 1840Penny Cycl. XVII. 402/2 The dome of the hall or principal office of the London and Westminster Bank is a pendentive one. 1879Scott Lect. Archit. xvi. II. 242. |