| 释义 |
▪ I. pelt, n.1|pɛlt|
Also 7 pealt.
[Appears early in 15th c. Evidently related to pell n.1, but actual formation obscure.
It may perhaps have been syncopated from pellet n.2, with sense 2 of which it agrees, though such a syncope is very unusual. It may also have been a back-formation from pelt-ry (analogical to paste, pastry, etc.); peltry being = OF. peleterie, app. from pelete, pellet n.2]
1. The skin of a sheep or goat with short wool on; also, the raw or undressed skin of a fur-bearing animal; a fell.
1425in Kennett Par. Ant. (1818) II. 250, xiv peltys bidentum. c1440[see pellet n.2 2]. c1550Disc. Common Weal Eng. (1893) 56 Haue not ye graisers raised the price of youre wolles and peltes? 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 746/2 Some others of them [Saints] went about in peltes and goates skinnes. 1579Twyne Phisicke agst. Fort. ii. xciii. 284 Thou hast not the skynne of a Bucke, nor the pelt of a Lambe, nor the case of a Foxe. 1602Warner Alb. Eng. xi. lxvi. (1612) 281 Their store of Sables, Furres, and Pealts. 1661Feltham Resolves (ed. 8) ii. lii, God..out of pity to his creature,..put him into pelts. 1808Compl. Grazier (ed. 3) 45 The whole [sheep's] body [should be] covered with a thin pelt. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Pelt, a sheep's skin with the wool on. 1837Whittock, etc. Bk. Trades (1842) 256 (Furrier) Preparing the skins or pelts of furred animals, and converting them into muffs and tippets.
2. spec. A raw skin of a sheep, goat, or other animal stripped of its wool or fur; the commercial name for a skin in this state before tanning.
1562Act 5 Eliz. c. 22 §1 It shall not bee laufull..to make any Peltes, that is to saye, to pull, sheare, clippe or take away the Wooll of any Shepe-skinne or Lambe-skinne..unles suche person..doo make or cause to bee made therof..laufully tanned leather or Parchement. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 29 The skinnes of fatte sheepe..put forth more woll, and alsoe the pelts are better, for that there is more substance to worke upon. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 86/2 Pelts, are the skins when the Wooll is taken off. 1802Paley Nat. Theol. iii, A thin membrane like the pelt of a drum stretched across this passage. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 335 The skin of the grey rabbit is cut—that is, the ‘wool’ is pared off the pelt, as a material for hats. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Peltries, Pelts, the commercial name given to the skins of animals before tanning.
fig.1634Bp. Hall Contempl., N.T. iv. xi, The church is fleeced, and hath nothing left but a bare pelt upon her back. 1894Crockett Raiders 149 Folk that are aye taking their nap off other folks are the thinnest in the pelt themselves.
†b. The skin of a fish. Obs. nonce-use.
1584Hudson Du Bartas' Judith v. in Sylvester's Wks. (1621) 739 Ye Carmans bolde that all on fish do feede, And of their pelts do make your warlike weede.
3. Applied to the human skin. humorous or dial.
c1605Rowley Birth Merl. v. ii, Flay off Her wicked skin, and stuff the pelt with straw. 1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋144 The profuse sweat, that rills through the creeks of the Pelt, the pores. 1892M. C. F. Morris Yorks. Folk-talk Gloss. s.v., They're thick i t' pelt. 1903Public Opinion 8 Oct. 471 How delightful the feel of the briny breeze and the boisterous wave on the bare pelt!
4.
†a. A skin of an animal worn as a garment; a garment made of skin or fell. Obs.
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Diphtera, a sheapardes pelte or garment made of sheepe skinnes. 1580Lupton Sivqila 21 Our father Adam..had but a leather Pelte to cover his nakednesse. 1585Higins tr. Junius' Nomenclator 161/1 Mastruca..a pelt, or garments made of wolues and beares skins, which Nobles in old time vsed to weare in winter. 1649C. Walker Hist. Independ. ii. 239 Some of them lead Dray-horses, wore Leather-pelts.
b. Untanned sheepskin used to form a printer's inking-pad; an inking-pad so formed, a pelt-ball.
1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing 386 Pelts, Sheep Skins untan'd, used for Ball Leathers. 1824J. Johnson Typogr. II. xxi. 655 Pelts, untanned sheep skins used for balls.
†5. Applied opprobriously to a person compared to a dried skin; (a) a miserly closefisted person; a niggard, a skinflint; (b) a withered or wizened person. Obs.
1545Elyot Dict., Aridus homo, a drye felowe, of whom nothyng may be gotten, som do call hym a pelt, or a pynche⁓beke. 1757E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances (1767) I. 18 A diabolical, miserable pelt of an old maid called Melpomene.
6. The dead quarry of a hawk, esp. when mangled. See also quot. 1674–91.
1615Latham Falconry (1633) 11 Put on her Hood: then lure her againe unto the dead pelt. Ibid. Gloss., Pelt, is the dead body of any fowle howsoeuer dismembred. 1674–91Ray N.C. Words 54 Pelt is a word much used in Falconry for the skin of a Fowl stuft, or the Carcase it self of a dead Fowl to throw out to a Hawk. 1852R. F. Burton Falconry in Valley of Indus v. 60 If two [hawks] are flown.., the falconer is always flurried by their violent propensity to crab over the ‘pelt’.
7. attrib. and Comb., as † pelt-skin; pelt-ball = sense 4 b; peltmonger, one who deals in skins; pelt-rot, a skin-disease in sheep due to damp; pelt-shaker, Hatmaking, one of the workmen who prepare the pelts for the making of hats; so pelt-shaking; pelt-wool: see quot. 1753.
1822T. Bewick Mem. 238 The common *pelt-balls then in use..daubed the cut and blurred and overlapped its edges.
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Pellio,..a skinner: he that maketh thynges of skinnes: a *peltemunger. 1755Johnson, Pelt⁓monger,..a dealer in raw hides.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §54 There is an other rotte, whiche is called *pelte-rotte, and that commeth of greatte wete, specyally in woode countreyes. 1736W. Ellis New Exper. Husb. 42.
1902Brit. Med. Jrnl. No. 2146. 378 Muscular tremors (‘hatter's shakes’) are most often observed in those engaged in dusty post-carrotting processes (for example cutters, lockers, and *pelt-shakers).
Ibid. 377 The various processes include (1) cleaning the skins..(7) locking, (8) *pelt-shaking.
1621Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 80 Item for a *pelt skinn receyved from Lud[worth]: ij d.
1543tr. Act 8 Hen. VI, c. 22 That no man..put in the same [fleese], lokkes, *peltwol, tarre, sand, yerth, grasse, nor no dyrt [orig. lokkes pelwoll tarre peers sablon terre ne herbe, ne nulle autre order]. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Pelt-wool, wool stripped of the skin or pelt of a dead sheep.
▪ II. pelt, n.2
[f. pelt v.1: cf. pilt n.]
1. An act of pelting; a vigorous blow or stroke, as with a missile; the act of pelting with missiles or (fig.) with obloquy.
1513Douglas æneis xiii. ii. 15 Wyth mony pelt scheddand thar purpour blude. c1570Marr. Wit & Science v. iv. in Hazl. Dodsley II. 391 Here is a pelt to make your knave's heart fret. 1632Vicars tr. Virgil ix. 280 Troyes Ilioneus brave With a huge stone a deadly pelt him gave. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 4 July Let. i, The cripple..gave him such a good pelt on the head with his crutch, that the blood followed. 1819Blackw. Mag. IV. 727 Divers digs and many a ponderous pelt. a1839Galt Demon of Destiny iii. (1840) 26 Adversity assails with pelt and scorn The would be great. 1889Pall Mall G. 28 May 6/3 Amusing pastimes, winding up with a general pelt of flowers.
b. The beating of rain or snow; a pelting storm.
1862Shirley Nugæ Crit. vii. 301 Not the rain of the temperate zone, but a down-pour, a pelt, a water-spout. 1880Blackmore Mary Anerley xl, For all things now were in one indiscriminate pelt and whirl of white. 1887D. C. Murray One Trav. Returns vi. 92 The swish and pelt of the rain were heard in pauses.
2. An outburst of temper, a rage. Cf. pelt v.1 6. Obs. exc. dial.
1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 28 Saiing further in a great pelt, that he mindid not in deed to deni me him self. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iii. v. §30 The Pope being in this pelt, ægidius a Spanish Cardinall thus interposed his gravitie. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Pelt, a Heat or Chafe. ‘What a Pelt you are in!’ 1880Mrs. Parr Adam & Eve xxix. 399 Back he comes in a reg'lar pelt: and says, ‘..I'm not goin to foace [force] myself where I'm told I shan't be wanted’.
3. The action of pelting (pelt v.1 7); esp. in full pelt, (at) full speed.
1819‘R. Rabelais’ Abeillard & Heloisa 230 To prison pelt—away we should go. a1845Hood Tale of Trumpet xxvii, Just fancy a horse that comes full pelt. 1862H. Marryat Year in Sweden I. 148 Two postboys gallop up full pelt, without either saddles or stirrups. 1885J. Payn Talk of Town II. 196 The others..ran on full pelt behind them.
▪ III. pelt, n.3 Now only dial.
[app. a parallel form to palt, found in mod.Eng. dial. in the same sense, and assumed as the stem of paltry n., which see for foreign cognates. To this apparently belong pelting a., and peltry n.2; but the phonetic history of the group is very obscure.]
Trash or rubbish in the way of clothes, rags (obs.); also in mod. dial., Refuse, waste or dirty matter.
1567Harman Caveat xxiv. 76 [At night] many wyll plucke of their smockes, and laye the same vpon them in stede of their vpper sheete, and all her other pelte and trashe vpon her also. a1585Montgomerie Flyting 266 This prouerb, foule pelt, to thee is applyit. [Cf.1851T. Sternberg Dial. Northamptonsh. s.v., The refuse of corn that rises to the top of the sieve after reeing, is also termed palt.] 1866W. Gregor Dial. of Banffsh. 124. 1880 Jamieson, Pelt. 1. A piece of strong, coarse cloth, or of a thick, dirty dress; a rag, Banffsh. 2. Anything that is waste or dirty, trash.
▪ IV. † pelt, n.4 Obs. rare.
[ad. L. pelta: see pelta.]
1. A light shield of leather or hide: = pelta 1.
But in quots. 1617–33 the sense may be as in pelt n.1 4.
1617Moryson Itin. iii. 267 The poorer sort haue only helmets of iron, and thick leather pelts in stead of armor. 1633J. Fisher True Trojans ii. v, Under the conduct of Demetiaes prince March twice three thousand, arm'd with Pelts and Glaues. 1658Phillips, Peltiferous,..that carrieth a Pelt which is a kind of Target made of skins.
2. Bot. = pelta 2.
1758Phil. Trans. L. 680 On the edges..the parts of fructification are placed, in the form of flattish oblong bodies, in these mosses called shields or pelts.
▪ V. pelt, v.1|pɛlt|
[Known from end of 15th century: origin uncertain.
Thought by some to be the same word as ME. pilt, pult to thrust, push, which also had the spelling pelt. But the difference of sense, and the chronological break between the two, make this origin very doubtful.]
1. a. trans. To strike with many or repeated blows (now, in Standard Eng., with something thrown); to assail with missiles.
(The wider sense is still Sc. and north. Eng.)
a1500in Ashm. MS. 61 No. 16 Wherefore seyd y⊇ belte Wt grete strokes I schall hym pelte. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 372/2 The Christians inuadyng and entring into the munition incircumspectly, were pelted and pashed with stones by them which stode aboue. 1604Shakes. Oth. ii. i. 12 The chidden Billow seemes to pelt the Clowds. 1621–3Middleton & Rowley Changeling ii. i. 55 I'll stand this storm of hail, though the stones pelt me. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 159 A crowd..pelting one another with Cudgels. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. ix, They stood pelting us..with darts and arrows. 1782F. Burney Cecilia vi. v, There came a violent shower of hail..Cecilia was..pelted. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 295 The soldiers..were..insulted and pelted by a mob armed with clubs, sticks, etc. 1835Sir J. Ross Narr. 2nd Voy. xlvi. 602 Make snowballs and pelt each other. 1884Queen Victoria More Leaves 370 We were literally pelted with small nosegays, till the carriage was full of them.
b. fig. To assail with reproaches or obloquy.
1658J. Harrington Prerog. Pop. Govt. (1700) 231 But Macchiavel..is deservedly pelted for it by Sermons. 1710Tatler No. 190 ⁋1, I..have had the Honour to be pelted with several Epistles. 1775Johnson in Boswell Life (1831) III. 183 No, sir, if they had wit, they should have kept pelting me with pamphlets. 1864Sir F. Palgrave Norm. & Eng. IV. 200 The surrounding multitude..pelted the Prelates with opprobrious epithets.
2. To drive by force of blows, missiles, etc.
1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 34 Too soyl vnacquaynted by tempest horriblye pelted. Ibid. iv. 96, I thinck, that the Godhead,..Thee Troian vessels too this youre segnorye pelted. 1886Burton Arab. Nts. (Abr. ed.) I. Foreword 7 Lads and lasses, driving, or rather pelting, through the gloaming their sheep and goats.
3. a. intr. To go on striking vigorously; to deliver repeated strokes or blows. Also fig.
1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 608 The Scottis..Than peltit on thair powis ane lang space, Quhill tha war slane ilkone in that same place. 1645Milton Colast. 2, I still was waiting, when these light arm'd refuters would have don pelting at thir three lines. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. Ep. Ded., They play'd the Men only, when they had done, in pelting on't with the distaff. c1817Hogg Tales & Sk. II. 173 The smith..pelting away at his hot iron. 1819W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 134 Sanct Salvador's lang strappan steeple Had peltit five hours to the people.
b. Of rain, snow, the sun's rays: To continue to beat with force or violence. Also of missiles.
1821Clare Vill. Minstr. II. 152 The storm pelted down with all his might. 1879R. J. Atcherley Boërland 168 The rain began to pelt. 1889Repentance P. Wentworth I. ix. 176 There was a big unshaded window..through which the sun still pelted freely. 1916‘Boyd Cable’ Action Front 210 Maxim and rifle bullets were still pelting from somewhere in half enfilade at long range.
4. intr. To strike at vigorously with missiles; to go on firing, ‘fire away’. Also fig.
1565Bp. Jewel Let. to Bullinger in Strype Ann. Ref. (1709) I. xlv. 457 Here I am again pelted at. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iii. i. 82 The Bishop, and the Duke of Glosters men,..Haue fill'd their Pockets full of peeble stones; And..Doe pelt so fast at one anothers Pate. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 45 Besides innumerable [shot] in her Rigging, Masts and Sails, from those [ships] that pelted at a distance. 1848Whately Let. in Life (1866) II. 133, I will not set up any proposal like a Shrove-Tuesday cock for you to pelt at.
5. trans. To go on throwing (missiles) with intent to strike. Also fig.
1683Wood Life 11 Apr. (O.H.S.) III. 42 The rout followed, and pelted stones. 1745H. Walpole Let. to H. S. Conway 1 July, When all the young Pitts and Lyttletons were pelting oratory at my father. 1862Dickens Bleak Ho. xxxiii, Will somebody hand me anything hard..to pelt at her? 1916‘Boyd Cable’ Action Front 116 A heavy rifle and machine-gun fire which was pelted across from the opposite parts of the British line.
†6. intr. To throw out angry words. Obs. Cf. pelt n.2 2: pelting ppl. a. 2.
[1566: see pelting ppl. a. 2.] 1593Shakes. Lucr. 1418 Another smother'd seems to pelt and sweare. 1631R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature xvi. 281 Like Children in their minoritie, that pelt it, and pule, and cry, for one toy they want. 1673Milton True Relig. 15 If they who differ in matters not essential to belief,..shall stand jarring and pelting at one another, they will be soon routed and subdued. 1706Phillips, To Pelt... Also to be in a Chafe or fit of Anger, to fret and fume.
7. intr. To beat the ground with rapid steps; to move at a vigorous and rapid pace.
1831S. Warren Diary Physic. xvi. (1832) I. 382, I heard the report of a gun.., and pelted away. 1843Lever J. Hinton xxxv, Two or three hundred cars, all going as fast as they can pelt. a1845Hood To Mary iii. i, I too longed much to pelt—but my small-boned legs falter'd. 1872Baker Nile Trib. xix. 332, I saw the rhinoceros pelting away.
Hence ˈpelted ppl. a.
1697Dryden Virg. Past. iii. 97 My Phyllis Me with pelted Apples plyes. 1900Westm. Gaz. 23 July 2/3 A pelting bombardment of ice lumps,..the pelted district must have had an exciting time.
▪ VI. pelt, v.2
[f. pelt n.1]
a. To strip or pluck off (the pelt or skin) from; to skin, fleece.
1596Nashe Saffron Walden 87 He..presently vntrusseth and pelts the out-side from the lining. 1641Spelman De Sepult. 31 These..doe so shave and pelt the people, that the cry thereof is very grievous. 1919W. T. Grenfell Labrador Doctor ix. 176 Then having killed, ‘sculped’, and ‘pelted’ the seal, the exciting return to the vessel. 1936D. McCowan Animals Canad. Rockies xxiv. 211 In Canada alone in the first decade of this century, ten millions of the animals [sc. mink] were pelted for the sake of the satiny fur. 1948A. L. Rand Mammals E. Rockies 116 It [sc. a wolf] is a large, awkward animal to pelt on the trap-line. 1950N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Sept. 256 (caption) Pelting skins on the killing chain. 1972‘M. Yorke’ Silent Witness iii. 51 The Derringtons had a mink farm. ‘We pelt them in November.’
†b. To pluck the feathers from. Obs. rare.
1692R. L'Estrange Fables cvii. (1694) 101 A Man took an Eagle, Pelted her Wings, and put her among his Hens.
▪ VII. † pelt, v.3 Obs.
[Cf. palter v. and pelting a.
In form, this looks like the verb whence pelting a. is derived, but the connexion of sense is not obvious.]
intr. ? To parley or bargain; to haggle in bargaining; = palter.
1579W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue 41 Those men which sell by whole sale haue a quicker dispatch,..than those which stand pelting out untill the end of the market. 1610Mirr. Mag. 166, I found the people nothing prest to pelt, To yeeld, or hostage giue, or tributes pay.
▪ VIII. † pelt, v.4
a form of ME. pilt, to thrust, q.v.
1617Collins Def. Bp. Ely i. i. 77 Whereas you patch, and pelt, and clowt euery thing into euery place that you can, like a beggers coate. |