| 释义 |
▪ I. pediment1|ˈpɛdɪmənt|
Forms: α. 7 peremint, peri-, perriment. β. 7 peda-, pede-, 8 pedie-, piedment, 8– pediment.
[An alteration of periment, peremint, said to be a workmen's term, and ‘corrupt English’; of obscure origin: see note below.]
1. a. A word applied since the 17th c. to the triangular part, resembling a low gable, crowning the front of a building in the Grecian style of architecture, especially over a portico. It consists of a flat recessed field framed by a cornice and often ornamented with sculptures in relief. Also applied to similarly-placed members in the Roman and Renaissance styles, whether triangular, semicircular, or of other form, also to those of similar shapes placed over niches, doors, or windows. Hence, in Decorative art, Any member of similar form and position, as one placed over the opening in an ironwork screen, etc.
α1592R. D. Hypnerotomachia 22 b, The Coronices..were corrospondent and agreeing with the faling out of the whol worke, the Stilliced or Perimeter [Margin. A periment in corrupt English], or vpper part of the vppermost Coronice [orig. il' stillicidio della suprema cornice] onely except. 1601–2in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 451–2 Item to John Hill Joyner for xiiij yeardes of wanscott over the high table in the Colledge hall at iis vid the yeard 35s: ..and for a periment in the middest of the same wanscott xxs. Ibid. II. 629 A phaine for the peremint of the Coundite. 1603–4Ibid. 575 A Perriment on the topp of the Organs wth the scrowles and 7 bowles for the same.
β1664Evelyn Acc. Architects, etc. 140 Those Roofs which exalted themselves above the Cornices had usually in face a Triangular plaine or Gabel (that when our Workmen make not so acute and pointed they call a Pedament) which the antients nam'd Tympanum. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 400/2 He beareth Argent, a Gate or Port in a Wall, with a Pedement Imbattelled between two round Towers. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Pediement, a Term in Architecture; the same with Fronton. 1730–6Bailey (folio), Pediment, an ornament that crowns the ordonnances, finishes the fronts of buildings, and serves as a decoration over gates, windows, niches, etc. It is ordinarily of a triangular form, but sometimes makes an arch of a circle. 1737Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. i. iii. xi. 272 Clarendon Printing-House [Oxford]. On the Tops of the South East, and West Piedments, are the Tunnels of all the Chimneys. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 373 On one side of the pediment which crowns it is stretched along an ancient River-god. 1866R. Chambers Ess. Ser. ii. 110 Presenting,..on the pediments of the windows, the letters S.P.T. 1870Disraeli Lothair vi, The carved and gilded pediments over the doors.
b. Geomorphol. A broad, gently sloping, eroded rock surface that extends outwards from the abrupt foot of a mountain in arid and semi-arid regions and is usu. slightly concave and partly or wholly covered with a thin layer of alluvium.
This is not the sense in quots. 1882, where the word denotes steep rock slopes roughly triangular in shape, more like architectural pediments.
[1882C. E. Dutton Tertiary Hist. Grand Cañon District v. 85 Just opposite to us the pediments seem half buried, or rather half risen out of the valley alluvium. Ibid., Between the alcoves the projecting pediments present gable⁓ends towards the valley-plain.] 1897W. J. McGee in Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. VIII. 92 The tide-carved coast cuts a typical granitic butte..rising sharply from the inclined foot-slope of Sierra Seri, yet the rugged-faced knob is seen to surmount a granite pediment nearly half a mile across in the line of section. 1922Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 730. 52 The mountains of the Papago country rise from plains which are similar in form to the alluvial plains that commonly front mountains of an arid region, but large parts of the plains are without alluvial cover and are composed of solid rock. These plains are called ‘mountain pediments’, a term suggested by McGee's usage. Ibid. 58 A mountain pediment buried in alluvium may be called a concealed pediment. 1933[see panfan]. 1935[see pediplain]. 1960B. W. Sparks Geomorphol. xi. 257 The sharp break of slope between the pediment and the mountain front seems to point to a change of operative process, but there is no agreement as to the nature of the processes involved. 1974[see pediplain]. 1977A. Hallam Planet Earth 85 The low-angle (generally less than about 8°) concave surfaces which coalesce to form the pediplains are called pediments. Ibid., More recently it has been argued that pediments develop through surface and subsurface weathering.
2. Referred to L. pēs, pedem ‘foot’, and used for: A base, foundation; a pavement. (Cf. next.)
1726J. Dart Canterb. Cathedr. 14 The Pedement of St. Thomas's Altar. 1747Gentl. Mag. 362 His Neapolitan majesty has paved several parlours of his new palace..with mosaic and other pediments taken up entire. 1880W. Grant Christ our Hope 1 Three pediments support the viaduct of life along which Christians pass to glory.
3. Comb., as pediment-like adj., pedimentwise adv.; pediment pass Geomorphol. (see quot. 1930).
1844Lingard Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) II. App. C. 338 At the gable ends, the trunks [of which the walls were built] rose gradually pedimentwise to the height of fourteen feet. 1874Boutell Arms & Arm. iii. 45 An elevated visor or frontlet of a triangular pediment-like form. 1930C. Sauer in Univ. Calif. Publ. Geogr. III. 370 Under less advanced conditions of pediment development we find narrow, flat, rock-floored tongues extending back from the general pediment, but still penetrating along the mountain sufficiently to meet another pediment slope extending into the mountain front from the other side... To distinguish this less advanced feature from the broad saddle plains..we may call it a pediment pass. 1974C. H. Crickmay Work of River viii. 206 In a few places, the upper end of the pediment is the smoothly rounded summit of a pediment pass, or rock floored gap through a low mountain ridge. [Note. Pediment, in Evelyn pedament, in Randle Holme pedement, has the appearance of a derivative in -ment, of L. pēs, pedi- ‘foot’. But L. pedāmentum was a ‘vine-stake’ or ‘prop’, It. pedamento ‘any foundation, groundworke, base, or footing’ (Florio): senses with which the modern ‘pediment’ has no connexion. Evelyn's word was evidently an attempted improvement upon the workmen's periment or peremint, which the translator of Hypnerotomachia considered to be ‘corrupt English’ for perimeter. But the corruption of perimeter to periment is difficult to imagine, and the connexion of sense (see Willis Archit. Nomencl. Midd. Ages 37 note) is far-fetched; and it seems more likely that peremint was a workman's corruption of pyramid, which a triangular gable sometimes resembles in section, and which is actually pronounced periment, or purriment by the illiterate in some districts of England (e.g. in West Somersetsh.) at the present day (1904). This would also better explain ‘the peremint of the Coundite’ in 1601–2 above, since the Fountain in question had no ‘pediment’, but a curved roof in form of an ogee cupola. If this is the derivation, we have the series pyramid, peremint, periment, peda-, pede-, pediment.] ▪ II. † pediment2 Obs. rare—1.
[irreg. ad. L. pedāmentum, f. pedāre to prop (a vine): see -ment.]
A stake or prop for vines.
1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Chesnut, It makes the best Stakes and Poles for Pallisades, Pediments for Vine Props and Hops. |