| 释义 |
Peak, n.1|piːk|
Forms: 1 Péac (in Anglo-L. records 1–2 Pech, 2 Pec); 3–4 pek, 6 Peke, 7 Peake, 7– Peak.
[OE. Péac (only in comb. Péaclond) of unknown origin: perh. British.
The name Peak's Arse (OE. *Péaces ærs, Domesday Pechesers), applied to the Peak Cavern, has suggested a conjecture that Péac may have been a name for a demon (cf. the later Devil's Arse) cognate with OE. Púca, puck. Cf. other place-names, as OE. Péaces-del (Kemble Cod. Dipl. dccxxii), Pechesdon (Domesday) now Pegsdon, Bedfordshire. From the 17th c. the name has naturally been associated with peak n.2; but the history of the latter makes any etymological connexion impossible.]
1. The name of the hilly district in the north-west of Derbyshire, England; divided into the High Peak and the Low or Lower Peak, approximately corresponding to the modern Hundreds of High Peak and Wirksworth respectively.
In 12–13th c. the word seems to have been apprehended as the proper name of the Castle Hill at Castleton, under which is the Peak Cavern. The post-Conquest use of Peak in the sense of OE. Péaclond seems to have arisen through the application of the name of Peverel's castle to the district thence governed. The Ordnance Map, without any warrant in local usage, gives the name ‘The Peak’ to an elevated plateau or mountain mass in the High Peak Hundred (see quot. 1874), in which it is followed by geography books, etc.
924O.E. Chron. (Parker MS.), Eadweard cyning..for þa þonan on Peac lond to Badecan wiellon. c1130Hen. Hunt. Hist. Angl. i. §7 Quatuor autem sunt, quæ mira videntur in Anglia. Primum quidem est, quod ventus egreditus de cavernis terræ in monte vocato Pec, tanto vigore ut vestes rejectas repellat et in altum elevatas procul rejiciat. [a1135Charter of Hen. I in Dugdale Mon. VI. 1272 Ea die qua Willelmo Peverell dominium meum de Pecco dedi.] 1173–4Pipe Roll (Pipe Roll Soc.) XXI. 61 In operationibus Castellorum de Pech & de Bolesoura. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 164 Þat oþer wonder is Vpe the hul of þe pek, þe wind þere iwis Vp of þe erþe ofte comþ of holes. [c1350Rolls of Parlt. II. 391/1 Le Roi granta..la Franchise..de l'haut Pek en le Counte de Derby.] 1560Becon Jewel of Joye Wks. ii. 6, I trauayled into Darbyshere and from thence into the Peke. 1610Holland Camden's Brit., Derbyshire, The western part beyond Derwent..riseth high and peaketh vp with hils and mountaines, whence in old time it was called in the old English tongue Peac lond, and is at this daie..named the Peake. 1622Drayton Poly-olb. xxvi. 453 Yet for her Caves and Holes, Peake only not excells, But that I can again produce those wondrous Wells, Of Buckston. 1636–66Hobbes (title) De Mirabilibus Pecci. (1678 transl. The Wonders of the Peake.) 1667Lacy Sauny the Scott v. (1698) 43 We'll put her doon intill a Scotch Coalepit, and she shall rise at the Deel's arse o' Peake. 1802Lamb Let. to Manning 24 Sept., To visit the far-famed peak in Derbyshire, where the Devil sits, they say, without breeches. 1874Murray's Hand-bk. Derby etc. (ed. 2) 53/2 The great block of mountain called in the Ordnance Map ‘the Peak’ is really an extensive plateau comprising the several summits of Kinderscout, the Edge, Fairbrook Naze, etc.
b. Also Peakland.
924,1610[see sense a above].
1891J. Leyland Peak of Derbyshire i. 1 The ‘Peak of Derbyshire’ is a term which, to many, does not carry with it a very definite signification, for although most of the favourite resorts of tourists are known to lie within Peakland, few have inquired as to the boundaries of that district. 1909Westm. Gaz. 5 Apr. 8/1 The death occurred..on Sunday night of..one of the best known figures among Peakland agriculturalists. a1917R. M. Gilchrist Peakland Faggot (1926) 97 The moon..foresaw a tragi-comedy in Peakland. 1926E. Phillpotts in Ibid. p. viii, His [sc. Gilchrist's] incomparable pictures of Peakland were only won from long and self-denying service..in the courts and sanctities of the place and people. 1931H. Walker (title) Peakland poems. 1974Country Life 12 Dec. 1867/1 The strange disappearance of a Peakland river.
†2. transf. A cave. Obs. rare—1. Cf. peakish a.2 quot. 1600.
So called app. from the famous Peak Cavern.
1600Holland Livy x. i. 351 Into this cave or peake [spelunca] the Romanes entred with their ensignes displaied.
3. attrib. and Comb., as Peak country, Peak hill, Peak lead, Peak scenery; also of stone from the Peak used as material for millstones, as Peak burr, Peak grinding, etc.; † Peak's arse, a former name for the Peak Cavern (later the Devil's arse in the Peak); Peak-castle, the castle at Castleton in the Peak; † peak-wheat (pecke-), a poor variety of wheat mentioned in the 16th c.
1086Domesday Bk., Derbyscire, Terra castelli in Pechesers Willielm Peurel tenuer. Gernebern & Hundinc. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §13 Bere-barleye..hathe an eare thre ynches of lengthe or more, sette foure-square, lyke pecke-whete, small cornes, and lyttel floure, and that is the worste barley. Ibid. §34 Englysshe wheate hath a dunne eare, fewe anis or none, and is the worste wheate, saue peake-wheate. Peeke-wheete hath a red eare, ful of anis, thyn set, and ofte tymes it is flyntered. Ibid. §39 The poore man of the peeke countreye, and suche other places, where as they vse to mylke theyr ewes. 1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 265 The Lead Mines in Ireland doe containe more siluer than these Mines of Darbieshire and Somersetshire called Peake and Mendippe Leade. 1659Howell Vocab. l, Cullen meal the purest, peak or French grinding. 1681Cotton Wond. Peak 47 Under this Castle yawns a dreadful Cave. [Note] Peake's-Arse, the sixth Wonder. 1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) II. 45, I never saw any of them but on the barren peak Hills. 1709Lond. Gaz. No. 4540/7 To be Lett some very good Mills at Kidlington,..one pair of Peck Stones, one pair of French Stones. 1837Penny Cycl. VIII. 425/2 The Peak castle is now an ‘ill-shapen ruin’, situated on the verge of the rocky precipice that forms the roof of the Peak cavern at Castleton. 1933Times Lit. Suppl. 14 Dec. 891/1 We are given..a notice of the mill's character..down to the quality of millstones—Peak or French burr. 1936Ibid. 16 May 416/4 A very individual vocabulary whose words, such as..peak or French burr-stones..will soon be a dead if not a forgotten language. |