| 释义 |
Pawnee, n.2 (and a.)|pɔːˈniː|
Also 8–9 Pane.
[ad. Canad. F. Pani, f. Ioway-Oto panyi.]
†a. The Wichita Indians, spec. the Wichita and Tawehash bands of the Red River of Oklahoma and Texas. Obs.
1770P. Pittman Present State Europ. Settlem. on Mississippi 40 The Arcansas or Quapas Indians..bring in very frequently young prisoners and horses from the Cadodaquias, Paneise, Podoquias, &c. of which they dispose to the best advantage. 1803in C. E. Carter Territorial Papers U.S. (1940) IX. 74 The length of Red River is not known, it is Six or seven hundred Miles to the Pawnie or Towiash Indians. 1830in Ibid. (1954) XXI. 215 The settlers are in continual alarm from the Pawnee Indians.
b. A confederacy of Caddoan Indians, formerly inhabiting the Loup, Platte, and Republican River valleys in Nebraska; a member of this group of tribes. Also attrib. or as adj.
1778J. Carver Trav. N.-Amer. 118 This is the road they [sc. Indians] take when their war parties make their excursions upon the Pawnees. 1794[see Mandan a. and n.]. 1806Z. M. Pike Jrnl. 22 Sept. in Acct. Expeditions Sources Mississippi (1810) ii. 140 [I] met a Pawnee hunter. 1810[see Kiowa n.]. 1827J. F. Cooper Prairie II. xi. 177 He will never see a Pawnee become a Sioux. 1841J. Williams Narr. Tour Indiana to Oregon (1921) 31 The Caws..told me that the Pawnees were a bad nation, and that they had a battle with them. 1868N.Y. Herald 31 July 5/3 A large band of the Sioux and Cheyennes had attacked a small party of the Pawnee scouts. 1890J. G. Frazer Golden Bough I. iii. 381 The Pawnees annually sacrificed a human victim in spring when they sowed their fields. 1901‘Mark Twain’ in N. Amer. Rev. Feb. 163 The oldest Americans are the Pawnees. 1925Z. A. Tilghman Dugout 13 The Pawnees were late going south that year. 1946G. Foreman Last Trek of Indians 242 The Sioux made two more raids, killing a Pawnee each time. 1959E. Tunis Indians 84/1 Many tribes had broken off from them in that time and some had moved northward up the river valleys—the Pawnee to Nebraska, the Arikara to North Dakota, for instance. 1969Observer (Colour Suppl.) 18 May 32/2 Mrs Hines was brought up in a Pawnee Indian school where bull-hide boots were compulsory. 1972N.Y. Times 3 Nov. 78/4 Earlier, Mrs. Martha Gras, a 71-year-old Pawnee Indian, appeared to sum up the sentiment of the Indian gathering.
c. The Caddoan language of these people.
1806Z. M. Pike Let. 2 Oct. in Acct. Expeditions Sources Mississippi (1810) App. ii. 48, I asked..[for] a Tetau prisoner who spoke Pawnee, to serve as an interpreter. 1821J. Fowler Jrnl. (1898) 55 Mr. Roy—He Spoke Some Pane and (in) that language our Councils Ware Held. 1877L. H. Morgan Anc. Society iii. iii. 440 In Mandan my brother's wife is my wife, and in Pawnee..the same. 1965Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics X. 105 The structure of Pawnee as compared with Oneida. 1968R. W. Langacker Language & its Struct. viii. 231 Other families found in this area [sc. the Great Plains] are Caddoan (Wichita, Caddo, Arikara, Pawnee), [etc.].
d. Special combs.: (in sense a) Pawnee pic, pique (see also quot. 1916); (in sense b) Pawnee lands, reservations of Pawnee Indians; Pawnee Loups, Mohas, Republics, Republicans, sub-tribes of the larger Pawnee confederacy.
1931Amer. Speech VII. 4 The ‘Indian reserves’ were frequently referred to as the ‘Pawnee lands’, ‘Otoe Lands’, or ‘Indian territory’.
1806in Deb. Congress U.S. (1852) 9th Congress 2 Sess., App. 1046 Pānias Loups (or Wolves)... These are also a branch of the Panias proper. 1823E. James Acct. Expedition Rocky Mts. II. 165 The camp had been occupied by a war party of Skeeree or Pawnee Loup Indians. 1847D. Coyner Lost Trappers (1859) 62 As Doranto proved to be a son of a grand chief of the Pawnee Loups, he was greatly prized as a captive.
1843N. Boone Let. 11 Aug. in L. Pelzer Marches of Dragoons in Mississippi Valley (1917) 187 Whether this was caused by a fear that we'd frighten off the buffalo, or not, they kept up a continual alarm of Pawnee Mohas.
1806in Deb. Congress U.S. (1852) 9th Congress 2 Sess., App. 1075 Pania Piqûe... [Also called] Paunee Piqûe. 1856J. P. Beckwourth Life ii. 26 The Pawnee Pics or Tattoed Pawnees. 1916Thoburn Hist. Oklahoma I. 124 The confusion of the two tribes was doubtless due to the French traders and trappers, who called the Wichitas ‘Pawnee Piques’, i.e. ‘Tattooed Pawnees’, hence the corrupted American term, Pawnee Pict.
1836L. Ford in Army & Navy Chron. 19 May 312/1 The Pawnee Loups, Pawnee Republics, [etc.]..lie upon the Loup fork of the Platte, twenty or thirty miles distant from the Grand Pawnee village. 1917Will & Hyde Corn among Indians of Upper Missouri 145 The Pawnee Republics had only enough corn to thicken their soup.
1806in Deb. Congress U.S. (1852) 9th Congress 2 Sess., App. 1045 Pānias proper and Pānias Republican live in the same village. 1810Z. M. Pike Acct. Expeditions Sources Mississippi App. ii. 14 On the La Platte, reside the grand Pawnee village, and the Pawnee loups on one of its branches, with whom the Pawnee Republicans are at war. 1823E. James Acct. Expedition Rocky Mts. I. 159 They arrived about noon, seventy in number, consisting of individuals of each of the three tribes called Grand Pawnees, Pawnee Republicans, and Pawnee Loups. |