| 释义 |
▪ I. pause, n.|pɔːz|
Also 5–7 pawse, 6 paws.
[a. F. pause (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. pausa halt, stop, f. Gr. παῦσις, f. παύ-ειν to cease, stop; in the musical sense, immed. ad. It. pausa.]
1. a. An act of stopping or ceasing for a short time in a course of action, esp. in speaking; a short interval of inaction or silence; an intermission; sometimes spec. an intermission arising from doubt or uncertainty, a hesitation.
c1440Promp. Parv. 387/2 Pawse, of stynty(n)ge, or ȧ-bydy(n)ge, pausacio, pausa. 1513Douglas æneis i. xi. 57 Eftir the first paws, and that cours neir gane,..The goblettis greit with mychty wynis..Thai fillit. 1528Gardiner in Pocock Rec. Ref. I. l. 96 At this point, His holiness making a pause, I..said [etc.]. 1595Shakes. John iv. ii. 231 Had'st thou but shooke thy head, or made a pause When I spake darkely. 1697Dryden æneid iv. 627 A Pause in Grief; an interval from Woe. 1709Steele Tatler No. 94 ⁋5 It cures or supplies all Pauses and Hesitations in Speech. 1847Tennyson Princ. Prol. 238 Like linnets in the pauses of the wind. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola xxiv, There was a pause before the preacher spoke again.
b. (Without article.) Intermission, delay, waiting, hesitation, suspense.
1593Shakes. Lucr. 277 Sad pause and deep regard beseem the sage. 1606― Tr. & Cr. iv. iv. 37 Iniurie of chance Puts backe leaue-taking, iustles roughly by All time of pause. 1683–4Wood Life 14 Feb. (O.H.S.) III. 89 He told me after a great deal of paus and shifting, that [etc.]. 1899Westm. Gaz. 3 Aug. 2/1 Here speech is the one thing needful—pause the one thing damned.
c. Phr. to give pause to, to put to a pause: to cause to stop or hesitate; to check the progress or course of; to ‘pull up’. in or at pause († under a pause): pausing, not proceeding, temporarily inactive or motionless; hesitating, in suspense.
1602Shakes. Ham. iii. i. 68 For in that sleepe of death, what dreames may come,..Must giue vs pawse. Ibid. iii. 42, I stand in pause where I shall first begin. 1709Steele Tatler No. 8 ⁋7 The Air was hushed, the Multitude attentive, and all Nature in a Pause. 1715J. Barker Exilius ii. 84, I was under a little Pause, not knowing readily what to reply. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. xii, These considerations..put me to a pause. 1792S. Rogers Pleas. Mem. i. 102 When the slow dial gave a pause to care. 1863Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. x. 271 One of those profound reflections that give one pause in studying these fine pictures of human nature. 1866Ruskin Crown Wild Olive (1873) 154 You stand there at pause, and silent.
d. (See quot. 1966.) Also fig.
1962Listener 29 Mar. 549/2 The point is clearly made by General Norstad, who says..that what he needs in order to impose what he calls the pause, in order to identify a threat, in order to relieve himself of the intolerable choice between retreating and using nuclear weapons, is thirty divisions. Ibid. 19 Apr. 674/1 The time has come to declare a ‘pause’ on the culture-front. 1966Schwarz & Hadik Strategic Terminol. 85 Pause, in the defense of Western Europe, a moment of reflection imposed on any aggressor before the defense resorts to nuclear weapons.
2. a. spec. One of the intermissions, stops, or breaks made, according to the sense, in speaking or reading; in Prosody, such a break occurring according to rule at a particular point in a verse, a cæsura; also, a break of definite length in a verse, occupying the time of a syllable or number of syllables. Also transf. in a piece of music.
c1440Promp. Parv. 387/2 Pawse, yn redynge of bokys, periodus. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie ii. v. (Arb.) 87–8 Three maner of pauses... The shortest pause or intermission they called comma... The second they called colon... The third they called periodus, for a complement or full pause. Ibid. 88 In a verse of seauen [sillables the Cesure ought to fall] either vpon the fourth or none at all, the meeter very ill brooking any pause. a1704Locke (J.), Those partitions and pauses which men, educated in the schools, observe. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 90 ⁋2 The variety..of the pauses with which he has diversified his numbers. 1795Mason Ch. Mus. i. 16 Where Rhythm, Pause, and Accent are peculiarly attended to by the Composer. 1819Shelley Prometh. Unb. ii. i. 143 As you speak, your words Fill, pause by pause, my own forgotten sleep With shapes. 1824L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. iv. i. 364 Pauses or rests, in speaking and reading, are a total cessation of the voice during a perceptible..space of time. 1957B. Deutsch Poetry Handbk. (1958) 35 The pause in the last foot of the second line is made more emphatic because the words conclude the line and the poem as well.
b. spec. in Linguistics. The break marking juncture, sometimes regarded as having phonemic status.
1933L. Bloomfield Language xii. 185 Since the constituents of phrases are free forms, the speaker may separate them by means of pauses. Pauses are mostly non-distinctive; they occur chiefly when the constituents are long phrases; in English they are usually preceded by a pause-pitch. 1948Language XXIV. 19 Some utterances contain a perceptible time-interval during which none of the vocal organs perceptibly articulates... Such a time-interval is an internal pause... The absence of speech before or after an utterance is an external pause. 1950Ibid. XXVI. 97 Pause may be regarded as a kind of zero phone, characterized by a complete lack of qualities. 1951Ibid. XXVII. 520 An interrupted sequence is considered to include the phoneme of pause. 1952W. P. Lehmann Proto-Indo-European Phonol. ii. 10 Choice of positional variant in PIE was determined by preceding and following phoneme, group of phonemes, or pause. 1968J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics v. 200 The native speaker is able to actualize the ‘potential pauses’ in his utterances when he wishes to, even though he does not do this normally. 1972M. L. Samuels Linguistic Evol. ii. 13 Unvoicing of final consonants (i.e. voicing is not maintained till the end of the word, especially before a pause).
3. Mus.
†a. A character denoting an interval of silence; a rest. Obs.
1597Morley Introd. Mus. 9 Phi. What strokes be these? Ma. These be called rests or pauses. 1674Playford Skill Mus. i. viii. 26 Pauses or Rests are silent Characters, or an artificial omission of the Voyce or Sound, proportioned to a certain Measure of Time.
b. The character {pauseo} or {pauseu} placed over or under a note or rest to indicate that its duration is to be lengthened indefinitely. (Also placed over a double bar at the conclusion of a piece, and rarely over a single bar in the course of it to indicate a short but indefinite interval of silence.)
1806J. W. Callcott Mus. Gram. vi. 73 The Pause is placed over a Note to signify that the regular time of the Movement is to be delayed. 1880in Grove Dict. Mus. II. 676/1 Pauses at the end of a movement, over a rest, or even over a silent bar, are intended to give a short breathing-space before going on to the next movement.
4. Heb. Gram. In the expressions in pause (orig. in sense 2), into pause: the form that a word or vowel takes before one of the chief stops: cf. pausal.
1874A. B. Davidson Introd. Heb. Gram. (1880) 27 In general only the two greatest Prose accents (viz. Silluq, marking the end, and 'Athnak, marking the middle of the verse)..throw vowels into pause. 1877[see pausal].
5. Comb. pause-filler, pause-linking, pause-marker, pause-making, pause-pattern, pause rhythm, pause-substitute; pause-marking vbl. n.; pause-giving ppl. adj.; pause-pitch, the pitch pattern which characteristically precedes a pause in utterance.
1967A. Laski Seven Other Years i. 13 It sounded like the kind of remark which is made as a pause-filler.
1887A. Seth Hegelianism ii. 74 [T. H.] Green..constantly assumes a stream of sensations as the material upon which the pause-giving and rationally constitutive activity of thought is exercised. 1963Economist 9 Nov. 577/1 Papers with..pause-giving titles.
1970Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics XV. 112 Thus, if the pause-linking rule was solely phonological we would have no way of determining whether or not it applies to these phrases.
1956Kenyon Rev. XVIII. 433 The lesser pause-markers: comma, colon and semi-colon.
1880Masson Life Milton VI. 517 The pointing is a mere empirical compromise, for the reader's convenience, between pause-marking and clause-marking.
1965Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Nov. 1070/3 New sentence-shapes, new pause-patterns.
1933L. Bloomfield Language vii. 115 We must recognize pause-pitch or suspension-pitch [,], which consists of a rise of pitch before a pause within a sentence. It is used..to show that the sentence is not ending at a point where otherwise the phrasal form would make the end of a sentence possible: I was waiting there [,] when in came the man.
1902E. W. Scripture Elem. Exper. Phonetics xxxvi. 517 A tone may be sounded for a definite time at definite intervals. The result is a ‘rhythm of sound and pause,’ or..a ‘pause rhythm’.
1964J. L. M. Trim in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 375 Major tone-groups..are followed by a pause, or pause-substitute.
Add:[1.] e. ellipt. for pause button, control below. The facility for suspending or interrupting the operation of a tape recorder or similar device; the effect produced by this.
1965Which? Nov. 324/1 (table) ‘Pause’ can be left locked. Ibid., ‘Pause’ on microphone. 1985Ibid. Feb. 74/3 Still picture (sometimes called freeze frame or pause) gives you an instant of the programme frozen on the screen. 1986Photographer May 26/1 Play the cassette in the normal way and while listening to it operate the pause on the cassette and video together.
[5.] (In sense 1 e) pause button.
1957Tape Recording & Reproduction Mag. Apr. 12/1 The *pause button, when depressed, ‘cuts out’ the tape from the heads, but keeps the machine switched on, with the motors running. 1984What Video? Aug. 27/2 By pressing the Pause button a couple of times it is possible to move the offending noise bar to the top of the TV screen.
pause control.
1957Tape Recording & Reproduction Mag. Apr. 12/1 An outstanding feature of this deck is a special ‘*pause control’. 1965Wireless World July 5 (Advt.), All the standard..features of 4 tape speeds, frequency correction.., three Papst outer rotor motors, pause control, [etc.]. 1984What Video? Aug. 20/1 They have auto rewind and both still and pause controls.
▪ II. pause, v.1|pɔːz|
Also 6–7 pawse.
[f. pause n., or ad. L. pausāre to halt, cease, or F. pauser (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), both derived from the n.
L. pausāre, as a living word, became in It. posare, F. poser, whence pose, q.v.]
1. a. intr. To make a pause; to cease or intermit action (esp. movement or speech) for a short interval; to stop (temporarily), to wait; to stop for the purpose of deliberation, or on account of doubt or uncertainty; to hesitate, hold back.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 158 b, In the psalmody.. Begin al at ones, & ende all at ones, pause all togyder. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 289 b, After he had paused and taken deliberation. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 335 Why doth the Iew pause? take thy forfeiture. 1601― Jul. C. iii. ii. 36 If any, speake..I pause for a Reply. c1655Milton Sonn. to Cyriack Skinner, Let Euclid rest and Archimedes pause. 1667― P.L. v. 64 This said he paus'd not, but with ventrous Arme He pluckt, he tasted. 1781Cowper Expostulation 605 If Business..Can pause one hour to read a serious rhyme. 1815Shelley Alastor 347 The little boat..Now pausing on the edge of the riven wave. 1847Tennyson Princ. iii. 140 Decide not ere you pause. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xviii. 124 We paused upon the summit to look upon the scene.
†b. refl. in same sense. Obs. rare—1.[Cf. F. il se pausoit (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iv. iv. 9 Wee..pawse vs, till these Rebels..Come vnderneath the yoake of Gouernment.
2. a. To stop for a time over some particular word or thing; to dwell, rest, linger upon.
1530Palsgr. Introd. 21 There is no worde of one syllable..that they use to pause upon. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, v. v. 15 Other Offenders we will pause vpon. 1646Crashaw Delights of Muses 88 Trips From this to that, then..pauses there. 1863Mrs. Oliphant Salem Ch. xvii. 304 The eyes..paused at him for a moment. Mod. He paused upon the word. The singer paused upon the closing note.
†b. To stay, remain, or continue temporarily in some place or state; to stop; to rest. Obs.
1568Grafton Chron. II. 881 There they commoned and paused that night. 1571Campion Hist. Irel. xv. (1633) 52 While the Princes and Potentates pawsed in this good mood.
3. trans. To cause to stop temporarily.
a1542Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 104 Sorowfull david..yt..pausid his plaint and layd adown his harp. 1908A. S. M. Hutchinson Once aboard Lugger ii. ii. 101 The strain on his invention paused him.
Add:[3.] b. spec. To stop or suspend the operation of (a device) by using a pause control. Cf. sense *1 e of the n. colloq.
1981T. Hogan Osborne CP/M User Guide ii. 49 CP/M can pause the video display screen. Ibid., Pause the screen by typing a Control-S.
▪ III. pause, v.2 dial.|pɔːz|
[Derivation uncertain; connexion with F. pousser has been suggested, but neither the vowel nor sound of the s agrees.]
trans. To kick, repulse with a kick.
1673O. Heywood (of Bolton, Lancash.) Diaries, etc. (1883) III. 204 He..paused her with his feet. 1828Craven Gloss. (ed. 2), Pause, to kick with the foot. [In Eng. Dial. Dict. from Yorksh. and Notts.] |