| 释义 |
▪ I. patient, a. and n.|ˈpeɪʃənt|
Forms: 4–6 pacy-, 4–7 paci-, 6– patient, (6 paty-).
[a. OF. pacient, passient (13–14th c.), later patient, ad. L. patient-em, pr. pple. of patī to suffer.]
A. adj.
1. a. Bearing or enduring (pain, affliction, trouble, or evil of any kind) with composure, without discontent or complaint; having the quality or capacity of so bearing; exercising or possessing patience.
c1320–40[implied in patiently]. c1370Hymns Virgin 106 In peyne be meke and pacient. 1382Wyclif Rom. xii. 12 Ioyinge in hope, pacient in tribulacioun. c1450tr. De Imitatione i. xvi. 18 Studie to be pacient in suffring. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. i. iii. 110 Many a time..you haue rated me..Still haue I borne it with a patient shrug. 1643Milton Divorce i. viii. Wks. (1851) 39 Job the patientest of men. 1784Cowper Task iv. 407, I praise you much, ye meek and patient pair, For ye are worthy. 1842Tennyson St. Sim. Styl. 15 Patient on this tall pillar I have borne Rain, wind, frost, heat, hail, damp, and sleet, and snow.
b. Longsuffering, forbearing; with to, towards, lenient towards, bearing with (others, their infirmities, etc.).
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 195 Paciente of tonge, And boxome as of berynge to burgeys and to lordes. 1382Wyclif 1 Thess. v. 14 Resceyue ȝe syke men, be ȝe pacient to alle men. 1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. iii. iv, You'ld mad the patient'st body in the world, to heare you talke so, without any sense or reason. 1606Chapman Gentlem. Usher Plays 1873 I. 325 Thou weariest not thy husbands patient eares. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian i, Ellena was the sole support of her aunt's declining years;..patient to her infirmities. 1852Bright Hymn, ‘And now, O Father’, Most patient Saviour, who dost love us still.
c. Calmly expectant; not hasty or impetuous; quietly awaiting the course or issue of events, etc.
1382Wyclif Eccl. vii. 8 Betere is a pacient man than the enhauncende hymself. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 41 b, Better it is to haue a pacyent soule, than to do myracles. a1550in Dunbar's Poems (S.T.S.) 312 Gif ȝe wald lufe and luvit be, In mynd keip weill thir thingis thre,..Be secreit, trew, and pacient. 1598Chapman Blind Beggar Plays 1873 I. 33 Be patient my wench and Ile tell thee. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest i, The ruffian..bid him be patient awhile. 1866Ruskin Eth. Dust iv. 61, I know twenty persevering girls for one patient one; but it is only that twenty-first who can do her work, out and out, or enjoy it. 1883R. M. Benson Spir. Read. Advent 115 We must form a habit of patient expectation.
d. Continuing or able to continue a course of action without being daunted by difficulties or hindrances; persistent, constant, diligent, unwearied.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. viii. 45 Take to you wonted strength, And maister these mishaps with patient might. 1611Bible Rom. ii. 7 Who by patient continuance in well doing seeke for glory, and honour, and immortalitie. a1727Newton (J.), Whatever I have done is due to patient thought. 1764Goldsm. Trav. 283 Methinks her [Holland's] patient sons before me stand. 1886Shorthouse Sir Percival ii. 55 So many years of patient labour.
e. fig. of things.
1820Keats Hyperion i. 353 And still they were the same bright, patient stars. Ibid. iii. 98 The most patient brilliance of the moon! a1861Mrs. Browning Little Mattie iii, Smooth Down her patient locks.
2. a. With of: Enduring or able to endure (evil, suffering, etc.); endurant of. (Cf. impatient of.)
c1440Promp. Parv. 376/1 Pacyent of sufferynge. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa ix. 338 Neither are they so patient of hunger as of thirst. c1611Chapman Iliad x. 145 Old man, that never tak'st repose, Thou art too patient of our toil. a1706Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 227 Plants least patient of Cold. 1742Young Nt. Th. iv. 3 Thine Ear is patient of a serious Song. 1780Cowper Table Talk 224 Patient of constitutional control, He bears it with meek manliness of soul. 1826–34Wordsw. To May x, Streams that April could not check Are patient of thy rule.
b. Of words, writings, etc.: Capable of bearing or admitting of (a particular interpretation).
1638Chillingw. Relig. Prot. i. Pref. to E. Knott §20 That their xxxix Articles are patient, nay ambitious of some sence wherein they may seem Catholique. 1651Jer. Taylor Serm. for Year ii. xxiii. 297 A way open for them to despise the law which was made patient of such a weak evasion. 1879Ld. Coleridge in Law Rep. Com. Pleas Div. IV. 304 His language is at least patient of such an interpretation. 1894Illingworth Personality Hum. & Div. vii. (1895) 169 The picture is patient of various interpretations.
3. Undergoing the action of another; passive. (Correlative to agent.) rare.
c1611Chapman Iliad To Rdr. (1865) 78 [Translators] apply Their pains and cunnings word for word to render Their patient authors. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 293 This motion betwixt the agent spirit, and patient matter, produceth an actual heat.
4. spec. in Grammar (see quot.).
1939L. H. Gray Foundations of Lang. xii. 374 A distinction is drawn between the ergative case as the logical subject of a transitive verb and the patient case as the subject of an intransitive verb.
5. patient Lucy orig. U.S. = busy Lizzie s.v. busy a. 11.
1946M. Free All about House Plants xvii. 161 The names Patience Plant and Patient Lucy are interesting examples of how the original meaning of a plant name can be reversed. The vernacular names are derived from the botanical name Impatiens,..referring to the sudden bursting of the seed pods. 1956[see busy a. 11]. 1977K. & G. Beckett Illustr. Encycl. Indoor Plants 110/2 Busy Lizzie; Patient Lucy; Sultana. A familiar house plant, native to tropical Africa.
B. n.
1. a. A sufferer; one who suffers patiently. Now rare.
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xiv. 99 So þat poure pacient is parfitest lif of alle, And alle parfite preestes to pouerte sholde drawe. 1559Mirr. Mag., Dk. Clarence xxi, The pacientes grief and Scholers payne. 1621Lady M. Wroth Urania 547 No payne was in her that hee was not a patient of. 1654Gayton Pleas. Notes iv. xxii. 275 Nor would the Jewes, who did all in disgrace of the blessed Patient. 1712Addison Spect. No. 486 ⁋2 Let them not pretend to be free..and laugh at us poor married Patients. 1795Southey Vis. Maid Orleans ii. 217 A scoffing fiend,..Mock'd at his patients, and did often strew Ashes upon them, and then bid them say Their prayers aloud.
†b. esp. One who suffers from bodily disease; a sick person. Obs. (exc. as involved in 2).
1484Caxton Fables of Alfonce i, Whan the pacyent or seke man sawe her. 1530Palsgr. 250/2 Pacyent a sicke body, pacient. 1631E. Jorden Nat. Bathes xvi. (1669) 150 Those patients which think to cure themselves,..are often⁓times dangerously deceived.
2. One who is under medical treatment for the cure of some disease or wound; one of the sick persons whom a medical man attends; an inmate of an infirmary or hospital.
c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 1034 (1090) And, as an esy pacient, þe lore Abit of hym þat goþ aboute his cure. c1386― Melib. ⁋46 To vs Surgiens aperteneth..to oure pacientz that we do no damage. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 39 The physicien Is not sure, for amongis his pacientis he may take sekenesse. 1547Boorde Brev. Health Pref. 3 b, Chierurgions ought..not to be boystiouse about his pacientes, but lovyngly to comforte theym. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, iii. ii. 41 He brings his Physicke After his Patients death. 1799Med. Jrnl. II. 345 As house⁓surgeon, he must have attended the patient. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 96/1 He endeavoured..to practise medicine, but could nowhere find patients.
†3. A person subjected to the supervision, care, treatment, or correction of some one. Obs. (exc. as transf. from 2).
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) VII. 341 Scharpe correccion and hasty movethe the paciente raþer to vice þen to vertu. 1526Skelton Magnyf. 2415 Red. Syr, is your pacyent any thynge amendyd? Good. Ye, syr, he is sory for that he hath offendyd. 1657Penit. Conf. ix. 287 The Priests may rather justly complaine..of the scarcity of their Patients.
4. a. A person or thing that undergoes some action, or to whom or which something is done; ‘that which receives impressions from external agents’ (J.), as correlative to agent, and distinguished from instrument; a recipient.
1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 404 The eye of the man is the arrow, the bewtie of the woman the white, which shooteth not, but receiueth, being the patient, not the agent. 1620T. Granger Div. Logike 72 The mutuall touching of the agent, and patient, id est, of the fire heating, and thing heated by it. 1725Watts Logic i. ii. §4 When a smith with a hammer strikes a piece of iron..the iron is the patient, or the subject of passion, in a philosophical sense. a1791Wesley Serm. lxvii. i. 4 Wks. 1811 IX. 224 He that is not free is not an Agent, but a Patient. 1870Swinburne Ess. & Stud. (1875) 54 To you he [Shakespeare] leaves it..to love or hate, applaud or condemn, the agents and the patients of his mundane scheme.
b. spec. in Grammar.
1968J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics viii. 342 But this conflicts with the notion of the subject as the ‘actor’, rather than the ‘goal’ (or ‘patient’). 1971J. Anderson Grammar of Case ix. 140 Accounts of transitivity conducted in terms of ‘actor-action-patient’. [Ibid. iv. 52 The lables ‘ergative’ and ‘nominative’ are usually used with respect to..an inflectional..system; alternative terms are ‘actif’/‘nominatif’ (Lafitte, 1962) ‘agens’/‘patiens’ (Troubetzkoy, 1929).] 1975Language LI. 806 It is significant that the suffix has come to designate the agent or instrument of the verbal activity in certain daughters—but not the patient, product, or location of the verbal activity.
▪ II. † ˈpatient, v. Obs.
[f. patient a.: cf. F. patienter intr. (16th c. in Littré).]
1. trans. To make patient; esp. refl. to calm or quiet oneself, be patient.
1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. i. (1895) 76 ‘Patient iour⁓self, good maister Freare’ (quod he), ‘and be not angry’. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. i. i. 121 Patient your selfe, Madam, and pardon me. 1619W. Sclater Exp. 1 Thess. (1630) 185 It should patient vs a while. 1647Trapp Comm. 2 Thess. i. 4 Faith patienteth the heart.
2. intr. To be patient, to show patience.
1561Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc iv. ii. F iij b, Pacient your grace, perhappes he liueth yet. 1644Digby Immort. Souls (1645) 128 An overflowing reward for thy enduring and patienting in this thy darksome prison. |