| 释义 |
pastil, pastille, n.|ˈpæstɪl, pæˈstiːl|
Also 7 pasteel, 7–8 pastill, 8 pastel, 8–9 pastile.
[a. F. pastille (1561 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. pastillus, -um a little loaf or roll of bread, a round lozenge, a troche, esp. an aromatic lozenge: a word of dim. form of which the primitive is uncertain, but which in Romanic was app. associated with pasta paste; cf. It. pastilli ‘little pasties, pastelets, chewets’ (Florio 1611); Sp. pastillas ‘kindes of mixtures or pastes for to perfume withal’ (Minsheu 1599).]
1. A small roll of aromatic paste prepared to be burnt as a perfume, now esp. as a fumigator, deodorizer, or disinfectant.
[1616B. Jonson Devil an Ass iv. iv, To know how to make Pastillos of the Dutchesse of Braganza, Coquettas.] 1658tr. Porta's Nat. Magic vi. ii. 179 Artificers call those pellets which are made of the salts, and the forenamed powder and water, Pastils. 1690Shadwell Am. Bigot iii, I'le get some Pasteels and stiffen my Whiskers. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Pastills, are Odoriferous Tablets, or Trochisks made up of Perfumes or Odorous Bodies, with Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth. 1715tr. C'tess D'Aunoy's Wks. 422 Certain Spanish Pastils spread a fragrant Odour round the Room. 1835Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 19 Burning pastilles before a statue of Jupiter. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 791 Pastilles of benzoic acid or of the chloride of ammonium are also of service.
2. a. A kind of sugared confection of a rounded flat shape (often medicated); a troche, lozenge.
a1648Digby Closet Open. (1677) 104 Put into the sack some ambergreece or ambered-sugar or Pastils. a1691Boyle Hist. Air (1692) 205 Divers pastils or lozanges that he was wont to carry in his pockets. 1706Phillips s.v., Among Confectioners, Pastils are a kind of perfum'd Sugar⁓paste of several Colours,..as Apricot-Pastils, Cinnamon-Pastils, Orange-flower-Pastils, etc. 1888F. Anstey Black Poodle etc., Sugar Prince 47 Rows of glass jars, containing pastilles and jujubes of every colour, shape, and flavour.
b. Med. A small disc of barium platinocyanide whose gradual change of colour when exposed to X-rays was formerly used as an indication of the dose delivered.
1906Sci. Abstr. A. IX. 49 (heading) Use of platinocyanide pastilles in radiotherapy. 1922G. W. C. Kaye Pract. Appl. X-Rays iv. 71 Of all the various intensity measurers, the pastille finds the most favour with medical men in this country. Ibid., The pastille is placed at a specified distance from the anticathode of the bulb, and the colour is matched against one of a number of standard tints. 1956C. W. Wilson Radium Therapy (ed. 2) iv. 74 Sabouraud..made use of the fact that a pastille of barium platinocyanide turns from apple green to reddish brown when irradiated by X-rays.
3. = pastel2 1, q.v.
4. A paper tube containing the composition which, when ignited, causes a pinwheel or similar firework to rotate.
In recent Dicts.
5. attrib. and Comb. as pastille box, pastille paper, etc.; pastille-burning adj.; pastille-burner = cassolette 2; pastille dose Med., an obsolete unit of radiation dose corresponding to a change from one standard colour to another of a pastille (sense 2 b).
1853E. S. Sheppard Ch. Auchester i. (1875) 7 The bronze pastille-box.
1904A. Hayden Chats on Eng. China i. 11 Crown Derby Pastille-Burner. 1957Mankowitz & Haggar Conc. Encycl. Eng. Pott. & Porc. 32/2 There is..a red script mark ‘P. Bradley 1828’ on a pastille burner probably of Coalport manufacture in the National Museum of Wales. 1971Country Life 7 Oct. 922/2 The larger sizes [of pottery model houses] have a hole in their back, being intended for use as nightlights or pastille burners.
1833T. Hook Parson's Dau. i. ix. 95 His pastile-burning dragons.
1909Lancet 15 May 1380/1 A Sabouraud pastille dose with the anticathode at 6½ inches from the nearest point of the scalp is given to the vertex, occiput, lower occiput, right side and left side in succession. 1935Nature 14 Dec. 960/2 The ionisation unit of X-ray quantity, the röntgen, has practically replaced the older arbitrary standards such as the pastille dose. 1950Walter & Miller Short Textbk. Radiotherapy x. 243 The ‘pastille dose’..has now been completely superseded and there is no justification for its continued use.
1835Willis Pencillings II. xlv. 58 Incense-wood for my pastille lamp.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., Pastille Paper, paper prepared with an odoriferous composition.
Hence pastil, pastille v. trans., to fumigate with pastils.
1846in Worcester (citing Q. Rev.). |