| 释义 |
▪ I. partner, n.|ˈpɑːtnə(r)|
Forms: 3–8 partener, (4 parteneer, parthenare, -ere, 4–5 partenere, pertener, -yner(e, 4–6 partenar, -iner, -yner(e, 5 partoner, perteynor, 5–6 pertiner, -eyner, 6 parteiner, -eyner, -inar, 7 Sc. pairtenar), 6– partner.
[In 13th c. partener, app. an alteration of parcener under the influence of part n.
In the earliest examples it appears as a variant MS. reading of parcener; it has been suggested that, in some cases at least, this was due to a scribal confusion of c and t; but, as parcener was in 14th c. very commonly written parsener, it is evident that such a scribal error could not have been perpetuated but for sense-association with part.]
1. a. One who has a share or part with another or others; one who is associated with another or others in the enjoyment or possession of anything; a partaker, sharer. (Before 1600 of much wider application than now.) Const. with, rarely of (a person); of, in, † to (a thing).
1297R. Glouc. Chron. (Rolls) 6313 Ich as þi parciner [v.rr. partiner, -yner(e] half engelond mid þe. a1340Hampole Psalter x. 8 In þe whilk all rightwismen ere parcenel [MS.S. partiner]. c1340― Prose Tr. 15 Þe flesche is pertynere of þe payne. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxi. (Clement) 808 God has [send] me til ȝow here of ȝoure crone to be parthenere. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 87 At þe laste þey were partyners wiþ the Romayns, and deled lordschipe wiþ hem. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 15 He shal be partenar to the Ignoraunse of froward folke. 1480in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 316 He..shall desire and require his partener, to whom half the gutter appartained, to repaire and amende his half of the same. 1567Sir N. Throgmorton Let. to Leicester in Robertson Hist. Scot. (1759) II. App. 47 It may please your lordship to make my lord Stuard partner of this letter. c1585Cartwright in R. Browne Answ. C. 95 Parteners of impietie. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. iv. 24 A groome of base degree, Which of my love was partener Paramoure. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 43 He intreated a gentleman of Friesland to admit me partner of his bed. 1718Rowe tr. Lucan i. 174 No Faith, no Trust, no Friendship, shall be known Among the jealous Partners of a Throne. 1840Thirlwall Greece VII. lvi. 131 Acknowledged as partner of Arridæus Philip in the empire. 1870Freeman Norm. Conq. I. App. 716 A wife worthy to be the partner of his Empire.
†b. With the notion of participation with others weakened or lost: One who has a part or share in something, a partaker. Obs.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 380/126 Blessede eov for þat ȝe scholden of heouene beo parteners. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. ii. (Add. MS.), Aungel is..partiner of immortalite. 1535Fisher Ways Perf. Relig. Wks. (1876) 382 You shall be partener to the more plentuous aboundance of his loue.
2. a. One who is associated in any function, act, or course of action; one who takes part with another or others in doing something; an associate, colleague (sometimes merely = companion). Formerly often in reference to evil deeds: An accomplice. Now rare, exc. in specific senses: see 3.
a1325Prose Psalter x. 7 [xi. 6] Þe gost of tempestes ys partener [v.r. parcener] of her wyckednesse. 13..Cursor M. 26677 (Cott.) Bot þai be samen partenar sekand til an sakful dede. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋894 They þat eggen or consenten to the synne been parteners of the synne. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 9724 Think wel,..How that ye ar partenere Of that we haue doon to king Aufris. 1503–4Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 34 §2 The seid Erle was not prevy nor partener to the offens of his seid sonne. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. v. i, The Florence Prince..Is made a partner in conspiracie. 1611Bible Prov. xxix. 24 Who so is partner with a thiefe hateth his owne soule. 1660Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872–5 II. 39, I suppose this day my good partner Mr. Ramsden will arrive at Hull. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 99 Laches and I are partners in the argument.
†b. One who takes part in some action. Obs.
1513More Rich. III Wks. (1557) 64/1 He wyth other pertiners of that counsayle, drew aboute the duke. c1565Norton (title) A Warning agaynst the dangerous practises of Papistes, and specially the parteners of the late Rebellion.
3. spec.
a. Comm. One who is associated with another or others in the carrying on of some business, the expenses, profits, and losses of which he proportionately shares.
sleeping (or dormant) partner, a partner who has capital in a business and shares in its profits without taking any part in the management. predominant partner: see predominant.
1523Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII, c. 4 §1 (2) They occupie here..not onely for them selfe, but also colourably for other straungers, their frendes, and partiners. 1534Tindale Luke v. 10 Iames and Iohn..which were parteners [1526 parte⁓takers] with Simon. 1613Compt. Bk. D. Wedderburne (Sc. Hist. Soc.) 240 Tua punscheounis Wyne perteining to Walter Kynnereis & pairtenaris. 1660F. Brooke Le Blanc's Trav. 4 Which losse broak my fathers partner, Robert Pontoine. 1817Selwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1055 How far the Acts of one Partner are binding on his Co⁓partners. 1828Webster s.v. Dormant, Dormant partner, in commerce and manufactories, a partner who takes no share in the active business of a company or partnership... He is called also sleeping partner. 1833H. Martineau Berkeley the Banker i. i. 18 In Scotland, there are a great many partners in a bank, which makes it very secure. 1870Lowell Study Wind. 196 He has been the sleeping partner who has supplied a great part of their capital. 1891Daily News 30 Sept. 7/1 On attaining his majority he was elected partner in the firm, of which at the present moment he is sole partner.
b. One associated in marriage, a spouse; more frequently applied to the wife.
1749Smollett Regicide ii. vii, What means the gentle partner of my heart? 1816Southey Poet's Pilgr. i. i. viii, So forth I set..And took the partner of my life with me. 1879Farrar St. Paul II. 69 The believing wife or husband might win to the faith the unbelieving partner.
c. One's companion in a dance.
1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, i. iv. 104 Lead in your Ladies eu'ry one: Sweet Partner, I must not yet forsake you. 1712Steele Spect. No. 515 ⁋3, I at first Entrance declared him my Partner if I danced at all. 1837Dickens Pickw. vi, Isabella Wardle and Mr. Trundle ‘went partners’.
d. In various games, e.g. whist, tennis, etc.: A player associated on the same side with another.
1680Cotton Compl. Gamester x. 84 If he can have some petty glimpse of his Partners hand. 1778C. Jones Hoyle's Games Impr. 60 It appears to you that your Partner has the last Trump. 1870Mod. Hoyle 1 (Whist), The players are divided into a couple of groups, each group being partners, and therefore winning or losing together. Partners sit opposite each other. 1875J. D. Heath Croquet Player 49 He never thinks of his partner at all, but places himself in front of his own hoop!
e. Biol. Each of a pair or group of symbiotically associated organisms.
1924J. A. Thomson Sci. Old & New xxvii. 147 The fungus partners, which supply the water and salts, sometimes get the upper hand and absorb their partner algae, without which, however, they cannot continue to live. 1925R. S. Lull Ways of Life ii. 39 Both partners [of a lichen] combine, when they come to the formation of sexual reproductive bodies. 1970Canad. Jrnl. Zool. XLVIII. 371 (heading) The association of Calliactis tricolor with its pagurid, calappid, and majid partners in the Caribbean.
f. partners' (also partner's, partners) (pedestal) desk (see quot. 1952).
1946Connoisseur Dec. p. i (Advt.), Mahogany Partners' Pedestal Desk in style of William Kent. Circa 1745. 1950Apollo Misc. p. ix (caption) A fine mahogany pedestal partners' desk. 1952J. Gloag Short Dict. Furnit. 351 Partners' desk, a large flat-topped kneehole desk, at which two people may sit, facing each other. The term is probably of 19th century origin. 1971J. Leasor Love-All iii. 36 His eighteenth-century partner's desk was covered with polished leather. 1974Country Life 11 Apr. (Suppl.) 70 Handsome Partners Desk... The Desk is fitted with five drawers each side.
†4. One who is on the side (of any one); a partisan. Obs.
1388Wyclif Hos. iv. 17 Effraym is the partener [1382 parcener] of idols, leeue thou him. 1395Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 58, I am parteneer [1382 Wyclif Ps. cxviii. 63 parcener] of alle that dreden thee.
5. Naut. (in pl.) A framework of timber fitted round any hole or scuttle in a ship's deck, through which a mast, capstan, pump, etc. passes, and serving to strengthen the deck and to relieve strain.
a1608Sir F. Vere Comm. (1657) 48 My main mast being in the partners rent to the very spindell. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. II. l. 219 Our Main mast breaking in the Parteners of the Upper-deck, disabled both our Pumps. 1869E. J. Reed Shipbuild. xv. 273 In some ships the partner-plates have been cut away in order to allow corner chocks of the wood partners to pass down through in one length. 1874Thearle Naval Archit. 47 The mast holes of a ship with wood beams are framed with a series of carlings termed fore and aft partners, cross partners, and angle chocks.
6. attrib.: formerly quasi-adj. = associated.
1639Fuller Holy War iv. x. (1840) 195 This great over⁓throw, to omit less partner causes, is chiefly imputed to the Templars..breaking the truce with the sultan of Babylon. 1647Trapp Comm. Heb. i. 6 The manhood..hath a partner⁓agency..in the work of redemption and mediation. 1902Daily Chron. 5 Aug. 3/2 He calls them [Colonies] rather happily ‘Partner-States’.
Add:[3.] [b.] More recently extended (somewhat euphem.) to include either of a couple not necessarily joined in marriage.
1977Gay News 24 Mar. 14/3 It is relatively easy for homosexual partners to back-track from their mistakes in partner selection. 1979Washington Post 28 Oct. h1 Mrs. Watson invited [her]..to bring her partner..to Russia next week to help her shove the furniture around. 1985Los Angeles Times 2 Oct. v. 9/3 Staffers..told teen mothers who sought counseling to bring their partners to future sessions. 1988Observer 22 May 36/5 It's on the train line to Woodmansterne, the little village in Surrey where I live with my partner.
▪ II. partner, v.|ˈpɑːtnə(r)|
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To make a partner, to join or associate.
1611Shakes. Cymb. i. vi. 121 A Lady, So faire,..to be partner'd With Tomboyes. 1819Blackw. Mag. V. 592 A respectable accompaniment of lads and ‘lasses free’; with whom it is time to partner ourselves on the green. 1898Times 10 June 11/4 Harry Vardon, who was partnered with Bob Simpson.
2. To be or act as the partner of; to associate oneself with as a partner.
1882Daily Tel. 24 June, The Colonials had scored 192 for the loss of four wickets,..on resuming Bonnor partnered Giffen. 1890Daily News 16 July 3/6 Prince George, partnered by one of his officers, proved himself a most skilful player at tennis. 1894N.B. Daily Mail 4 Sept. 3 Golf... The Right Hon. A. J. Balfour..had a couple of rounds, partnering Mr. A. M. Ross against Mr. R. M. Harvey and Mr. Ben Sayers.
3. intr. (cf. next).
a. To associate or work as partners.
b. To associate or join with as a partner.
1961A. B. Mayse in Webster s.v., Him and me, we partnered once. 1961R. O. Bowen in Ibid., He still partnered with Tom on the piers. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Mag.) 17 Feb. 9/2 In 1929 he partnered with a U.S. businessman, Ben Raeburn, to publish a series of ‘forbidden’ sex books. 1977Bangladesh Times 19 Jan. 5/1 Partnering with Habib against Tipu and Haroon, the foursome played perhaps the most evenly contested matches in Bangladesh tennis to date. |