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propyl Chem.|ˈprəʊpaɪl, -ɪl|
[f. propionic + -yl: so called as being the radical of propionic acid; cf. propane, propene, etc.]
Either of two isomeric radicals, CH3·CH2·CH2{b1} (1-propyl, primary propyl or normal propyl) and (CH3)2CH{b1} (2-propyl, secondary propyl or isopropyl); sometimes spec. the normal form. Chiefly attrib. = propylic, as propyl alcohol, propyl aldehyde, propyl bromide, propyl hydride, propyl nitrate, propyl nitrite; propyl series, etc.
Of propyl alcohol, C3H7OH, there are two isomeric forms, normal propyl alcohol CH3.CH2.CH2OH, and iso- (or pseudo-) propyl or secondary propyl alcohol CH3.HCOH.CH3. So with other propyl derivatives.
1850Phil. Trans. R. Soc. CXL. 127 Substances of the formula C18H13N will also be obtained..by fixing upon aniline the radical (propyl) belonging to the missing alcohol of propionic acid* (metacetic acid). [Note] *A more appropriate name for metacetic acid, proposed by Dumas, Malaguti and Leblanc.., as it is the first acid of the series CnHnO4 that exhibits the character of a fatty acid. 1859Fownes' Man. Chem. 411 Propylic alcohol, or hydrated oxide of propyl. 1866Roscoe Elem. Chem. 241 The propyl compounds..closely resemble the foregoing ethyl series of bodies. Propyl alcohol, when oxidized, yields propionic acid. 1873Watts Fownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 594 Propyl alcohol was discovered by Chancel in 1853, in the fusel-oil of the residues left in the distillation of brandy from wine. 1873J. Cooke Chem. (1875) 313 Propyl hydride [= Propane] is the third in a series of homologous compounds. 1887Moore & Aveling tr. Marx's Capital I. i. 18 Butyric acid is a different substance from propyl formate. Yet both are made up of the same chemical substances, carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), and that, too, in like proportions—namely, C4H8O2. 1950Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) X. 223/1 n-Propyl radical is formed by exposing the vapour of di-n-propyl ketone to ultra-violet light at 2 mm. pressure. 1951I. L. Finar Org. Chem. I. viii. 122 All aldehydes can be made to undergo the Cannizaro reaction by treatment with aluminium ethoxide. Under these conditions the acid and alcohol are combined as the ester,..e.g...propionaldehyde gives propyl propionate.
Hence ˌpropyl-aˈcetic a. = valeric; thence propyl-acetate; ˌpropyl-aˈcetylene = pentinene (see pentane). ˈpropylaˌmine, an amine of propyl, as C3H9N, a bright, colourless, highly refracting, very mobile liquid, having a peculiar, strongly ammoniacal odour. ˈpropylate, a salt of propylic acid. ˌpropyl-ˈbenzene = cumene. ˌpropylthioˈuracil, any propyl derivative of a thiouracil; spec. 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil, C7H10N2OS, an antithyroid substance used to combat thyrotoxicosis.
1860in N. Syd. Soc. Year-Bk. Med. 414 By adding very cautiously hydrate of lime the *propylamine is obtained. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 891 Sulphate of propylamine is crystalline and deliquescent.
1880Athenæum 27 Nov. 713/1 The authors..have thus prepared aluminic methylate, ethylate, *propylate.
1873Watts Fownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 767 *Propyl-benzene is a liquid which boils at 157°.
1945Jrnl. Clin. Endocrinol. V. 424/1 The compounds 6-ethylthiouracil and 6-n-*propylthiouracil are among a group which are approximately ten times as active as thiouracil when tested in rats. Ibid. 424/2 It seemed fitting to test the effectiveness of ethylthiouracil and propylthiouracil in human beings suffering from hyperthyroidism. 1961Lancet 23 Sept. 688/2 On 2 of these patients there was subsequent difficulty in management with a lack of the usual responsiveness to propylthiouracil. 1975B. Catz Thyroid Case Stud. 13 The dose of propylthiouracil taken daily was 600 mg. |