| 释义 |
▪ I. parse, v.|pɑːs, pɑːz|
Also 6 peirse, 7 parce, pearce.
[app. f. pars, or f. L. pars part. (The pronunciation (pɑːs) is historical, and accords with the analogy of all words in -rse.)]
a. trans. To describe (a word in a sentence) grammatically, by stating the part of speech, inflexion, and relation to the rest of the sentence; to resolve (a sentence, etc.) into its component parts of speech and describe them grammatically. In extended use in computational linguistics, to analyse (a string) into syntactic components to test its conformability to a given grammar.
a1553Coxe Let. in Foxe A. & M. (1583) 1395/2 He [Prince Edward] hath learned almoste foure bookes of Cato to construe, to parse, and to say wythout booke. a1568R. Ascham Scholem. i. (Arb.) 27 Let the childe, by and by, both construe and parse it ouer againe. 1658W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. verse 14. ii. ii. (1669) 12/2 The child reads, construes, and pearces his Lesson as the Master saith. 1797Monthly Mag. III. 200/2 The important rule, that we should scrupulously parse every word we use. 1881F. G. Lee Reg. Barentyne i. v. 59 Joram himself, they say,..can't parse his own sentences which never scan. 1962J. J. Robinson Prelim. Codes & Rules Automatic Parsing of English (Rand Corp. Memo. RM-339-PR) p. v, This Memorandum presents a set of grammar codes and rules for analyzing, or ‘parsing’, English sentences automatically on a digital computer. Ibid. iii. 34 All the words in the string being parsed have been accounted for. 1963Communications Assoc. Computing Machinery VI. 669/1 It will parse strings describable in essentially Backus Normal Form. 1967D. G. Hays Introd. Computational Linguistics viii. 148 First, we transcribe the grammar, omitting all context restrictions. Obviously, the new grammar parses every string acceptable to the old one and if the restrictions are not vacuous it either assigns extra structures to some acceptable strings or accepts some additional strings, and may do both. 1975J. S. Rohl Introd. Compiler Writing xiii. 226 For syntax analysis it is convenient to have the definitions in an analytic form, so that we can analyse or parse a string of characters to see whether they conform to the grammar.
b. intr. or absol.
1575Laneham Let. (1871) 61, I coold my rulez, coold conster & pars with the best of them. 1596Nashe Saffron Walden 75 His Schoole-master neuer heard him peirse or conster, but he cryde out, O acumen. 1799H. More Fem. Educ. (ed. 4) I. 241 Why in parsing is he led to refer every word to its part of speech?
fig.1824S. E. Ferrier Inher. xxv, The Earl, therefore, parsed and prosed away to good Mrs. B. 1965P. Kael I lost it at Movies 9 A movie had to tell some kind of story that held together: a plot had to parse.
c. intr. for pass. To admit of being parsed.
1880Grant White Every-day Eng. Pref. 13 Anxious..whether his sentences will parse.
d. trans. To put (one) through his parsing; to examine minutely.
1867Fitzgerald 75 Brooke St. II. 77 Look here, Mrs. Archbold, parse him well on that.
e. transf. To examine or analyse minutely.
1788F. Grose Rules for drawing Caricaturas 14 When a caricaturist wishes to delineate any face..he may commit it to his memory, by parsing it in his mind (as the school-boys term it). 1860Leisure Hour 9 Aug. 507/2 Let him soak and remove the leather covering, parsing his way, as it were, by minute examination. 1931Times Lit. Suppl. 7 May 353/3 Reade's biographer is confronted with the necessity of, as it were, ‘parsing’ a character which..does not make sense. 1962P. Tompkins Spy in Rome xxxi. 307 Franco spoke Italian with a slightly foreign (or aristocratic) accent—depending on which way the listener chose to parse it.
Hence parsed ppl. a.; ˈparsing vbl. n. (also attrib. or as ppl. a.).
a1568R. Ascham Scholem. i. (Arb.) 28 Plaine construinge, diligent parsinge. 1871Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue §211 What is called Parsing, or assigning words to their parts, is a juvenile exercise. 1962J. J. Robinson Prelim. Codes & Rules Automatic Parsing of English (Rand Corp. Memo. RM-339-PR) i. 2 The English codes and parsing rules being developed at RAND are essentially a machine grammar. 1963Communications Assoc. Computing Machinery VI. 669/1 The automatic parsing algorithms..simplify compiler construction but contribute little to the production of ‘optimized’ machine code, for example. 1964Ibid. VII. 131/2 The right side of the algorithm..in effect runs the input string backwards..until the tentatively parsed word is reached. Ibid., An example of a syntactically ambiguous phrase is ‘medical schools and hospitals of Boston’ which actually has five possible parsings: ((MS)AH)OB; (MS)A(HOB); (M(SAH))OB; M((SAH)OB); M(SA(HOB)). 1967D. G. Hays Introd. Computational Linguistics vi. 107 A systematic answer to questions like this, determining the exact sequence in which reductions will be made to any particular string, is the basis for a parsing strategy. Ibid. 114 Only complete parsing of a string reveals that any part of a tentative parsing is correct. 1971E. Wilson in R. A. Wisbey Computer in Lit. & Ling. Res. v. 210 This definition it attempts to transform into an equivalent definition which can be parsed by a one-track algorithm. If it succeeds, SID can be made to generate this parsing algorithm. 1972J. A. N. Lee Computer Semantics v. 273 The form of text which is generated by the analyzer, we shall name the parsed text, which may take the form of a syntactic tree or a phrase marked string.
▪ II. parse, n.|pɑːz, -s|
[f. the vb.]
The action or result of parsing.
1963Communications Assoc. Computing Machinery VI. 670/1 In the algorithm presented here, all possible parses are carried along as shown below in the progressing parse of abce according to the syntax of the earlier example. When the symbol e is encountered, Parse 1 cannot be continued and is dropped, leaving Parse 2 as the correct one. 1973W. M. Waite Implementing Software for Non-Numeric Appl. viii. 292 Both pattern-directed and string-directed scans have been used for parsing algorithms. If a pattern-directed scan is used, the procedure is known as a ‘top-to-bottom’ or ‘top-down’ parse; a string-directed scan yields a ‘bottom-to-top’ or ‘bottom-up’ parse. |