| 释义 |
parpen, parpend, parpent|ˈpɑːpən, -ənd, -ənt|
Forms: 5–8 perpend, (5 perpoynt), 6–8 parpen, (parpin(e, 6–9 parpan(e, 9 parpoint), 6–9 perpen, (7–8 perpin, 7–9 perpent, 9 perpeyn).
[a. OF. parpain (1304–1550 in Godef.), perpain (1306), parpin (1394), parpan (1498), parpoin (16th c.), perpin (Cotgr. 1611), mod.F. parpaing (Littré), in med.L. parpanus (1402 in Littré). Of doubtful origin (see Note below); hence the etymological spelling is unsettled. In OFr. the word was used as an adj. with fem. parpaigne -pagne, -peigne, also ellipt. as n. (for pierre parpeigne): see also parpine in Littré.]
1. In Masonry, A stone which passes through a wall from side to side, having two smooth vertical faces; a stone squared or dressed for this purpose. In quot. 1579–80, perh. adj. ‘with perpendicular faces’.
c1429in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 445 Pro xxxiij ped' de perpoynt' xvijs. 1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 88 The pillars of this temple are cut out of a quarry of marble called pentlike marble, and they were squared parpine, as thick as long. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 111/1 Perpin, are less than the size of Ashlers. Ashler, is a Stone a Yard long, and 8, 9, or 10 inches square. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 208 Lay here and there Stones that reach the whole Thickness of the Wall, that is to say, such as make the Surface on both Sides, which Workmen call Making a Parpin. 1890Tablet 28 June 1026 The church is..built of brick-faced Yorkshire parpoints.
2. Short for parpen-wall: A wall built of parpens; a partition-wall. Also fig.
1591Bruce Serm. I. viij b, Sinne..casteth a balk and a mist betuixt the sight of God and vs; and therefore the Prophet calleth it a parpane. Ibid. T v b, Gif thou build vp an perpen of thine awin making betuixt thee and him. 1624― in Serm., etc. (Wodrow Soc.) 10, That I should take the full burden upon me, until this parpan was demolished. 1825Jamieson s.v., 2 The parapet of a bridge is called a parpane, or parpane-wa', Aberd. 1828Craven Gloss. (ed. 2), Parpoint, a thin wal, the stones of which are built on the edge. Ibid., The parapet of a bridge is called in Scotland, parpane, which, in general, consists of a single stone in width.
3. attrib. and Comb.: parpen ashlar, parpen stone, parpen work.
c1429in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 445, lxxxij et di' fott of *perpendaschler vjd. 1756Ibid. 529 The ashler under the Plinth of the Ballustrade..is parpin ashler. 1781J. Wood Cottages (1806) 8 The freestone is sawed out with a common hand-saw into what is called perpen-ashlar, that is, stone of four, six, eight or ten inches thick.
1721Bailey, *Perpend-stone, (among Builders), a stone fitted to the Thickness of a wall, so as to shew its smoothed ends on both sides. 1845Parker Gloss. Archit. (ed. 4), Perpent⁓stone.., a large stone reaching through a wall so as to appear on both sides of it; the same as what is now usually called a bonder, bond-stone, or through, except that these are often used in rough-walling, while the term perpent⁓stone appears to have been applied to squared stones, or ashlar;..in Gloucestershire, ashlar thick enough to reach entirely through a wall, and shew a fair face on both sides, is called Parping ashlar.
1600Holland Livy xliv. xi. 1177 A new wall, not built to the thickenesse of the old, but with *perpend worke, laid with one course of bricke and no more.
b. parpen wall, a thin wall built of parpen stones or of single bricks, as commonly in interior partition-walls; hence, a thin partition-wall of any kind; also locally, a parapet wall, as of a bridge.
1554–5Burgh Rec. Edinb. (1871) II. 297 Ane braid daill to be ane porpen-wall to the litill hous of the portell in the counsall-hous. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 457/1 A perpin wall, is a Single stone wall. 1720Wodrow Life R. Bruce in B.'s Serm., etc. (Wodr. Soc.) 80 The King..discharged the taking down of a parpan wall in the Great Kirk, to enlarge the East Kirk. 1860G. E. Street in Archæol. Cant. III. 126 The altar set on a foot pace about three feet from the east wall, with a low stone perpeyn wall at its back. 1903J. T. Fowler in Rites of Durham (Surtees) 195 At Rievaulx the five eastern altars were divided by perpent walls of stone.
[Note. For the derivation of the French word, M. Antoine Thomas suggested in Romania XXVI. 437, 442 a L. type *perpāginem (f. L. per through + radical of com-pāginem, pro-pāginem), with the notion of ‘something fastened or driven through’. M. Gaston Paris, ibid. XXVII. 481, indicated some difficulties in this, and suggested a popular L. *perpendium, related to perpendiculum, referring to the smooth vertical faces of the parpend stone. He admitted however the difficulty of thus accounting for the corresp. Sicilian parpagnu, Engadine parpaun, and Sp. perpiaño, unless these are more or less altered adaptations of the Fr. word.] |