| 释义 |
parotid, a. and n.|pəˈrɒtɪd|
Also 7–8 -ide.
[a. F. parotide (1545 in Hatz.-Darm.), or ad. L. parōtis, parōtid-: see parotis.]
A. adj. (Anat., Zool., Path.) Situated beside or near the ear; applied esp. to a lobulated racemose gland (in man, the largest of the three salivary glands), situated one on each side, just in front of the ear, and having a duct (parotid duct or Stenson's duct) opening into the mouth opposite the second upper molar tooth; also to the arteries, nerves, veins, etc. belonging to the same region, and to inflammation, tumours, etc. occurring in it.
1687Phil. Trans. XVI. 486 Neither was there any swelling formed in the Maxillary or Parotide Glandules. 1758J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 10 The Parotide is not a single Gland. 1807–26S. Cooper First Lines Surg. iv. (ed. 5) 311 The parotid duct passes beneath the integuments of the cheek over the masseter muscle. 1877Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 178 Mumps is chiefly characterized anatomically by inflammation of one or both parotid glands. 1878Kingzett Anim. Chem. 53 Parotid saliva is alkaline and viscous.
B. n.
1. Anat. and Zool. The parotid gland.
1770T. Percival Ess. (1777) I. 383 Indurated parotids, and deafness have ensued. 1841–71T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 835 The parotids vary principally in their proportionate size.
†2. Path. A parotid tumour. Obs.
1747tr. Astruc's Fevers 214 Parotids, which are nothing else but tumified lymphatic, not salival glands, situated about the neck, ears, etc. These tumours have given occasion to two different systems for their explication. 1808Med. Jrnl. XIX. 450 We saw some parotids, but almost all were mortal, notwithstanding the stimulating topicks.
So parotiˈdeal, parotiˈdean adjs. = parotid a.; ‖ parotiˈditis [see -itis]= parotitis.
1831R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 99 The breadth of the face is..limited on each side by the parotideal edge of the inferior maxillary bone. 1842E. Wilson Anat. Vade M. (ed. 2) 275 The Parotidean Arteries are 4 or 5 large branches..given off from the external carotid. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 520 Parotiditis, or ‘Mumps’, is a simple, although an infectious disease. |