| 释义 |
▪ I. parish, n.|ˈpærɪʃ|
Forms: α. 3–7 paroche, 4–8 paroch, (4 proche, 6 parroch(e). β. 4 parosche, -osshe, -osse, 5 -oish, -ossh, -os; 4–5 parizs, -yzsh, (-ise, parshe, persche), 4– parish, (5 parisch(e, -isshe, -issche, -isse, -esche, -essh, -es, -eche, -ysch(e, -ysh(e, -yssh, -ysse, parresche, -ych, peresche, parsche, 5–6 parishe, -issh, -asche, -esshe, Sc. paris, -eis, parriche, -ish).
[Two forms: (α) paroche, a. AF. paroche, OF. par(r)oche, app. a learned form, ad. late. L. parochia; (β) parosshe, etc.:—OF. paroisse:—popular L. *parocia for parochia. The latter (in Sidonius, c 472) was a form substituted for Christian L. parœcia (Augustine, Jerome), a. Gr. παροικία, in Christian use, the charge of a bishop, a diocese, later the charge of a presbyter, a parish: see Note below. With parochia, parocia, paroisse, cf. brachia, bracia, F. brasse. With Eng. parosshe from paroisse, cf. ME. marish, marsh, from OF. mareis, marois; also brush, etc. The stress was already c 1300 on par-; whence the o was weakened to e and i, giving paresche, parisshe, parish.]
1. In the United Kingdom, and some of the Colonies, the name of a subdivision of a county: applied to it primarily in its ecclesiastical aspect, but also as an area recognized for various purposes of civil administration and local government.
The name occurs in Norman French in the Laws of William I, c 1075, but has not been found in Eng. before the 13th c. Although the parochial system was more or less developed in many (perhaps most) parts of England before the year 1000, there is no word formed from parochia, nor any directly answering to it, in OE.; the nearest equivalents being preost-scír ‘priest-shire’ (Eccles. Inst. xiv in Thorpe Laws), and scrift-scír ‘shrift-shire’ (Canons of Edgar vi, Eccl. Laws of Cnut xiii), both of 11th or late 10th c., the latter rendered parochia in the 13th c. L. version.
a. orig. A township or cluster of townships having its own church, and ministered to by its own priest, parson, or parish clergyman, to whom its tithes and ecclesiastical dues are (or originally were) paid.
b. A later division of such an original parish for ecclesiastical purposes only, having its own church and clergyman.
The latter includes the ancient parochial chapelries of some of the large northern parishes (chapel 3 b, chapelry 1), and the more recent ecclesiastical districts constituted under the powers given by the various Church Building Acts, distinguished as new ecclesiastical parishes. In Scotland these are called parishes quoad sacra, while the original parishes which remain such for all purposes are parishes quoad omnia. The original parish when retained for civil, although subdivided for ecclesiastical purposes, is commonly distinguished as the civil parish, in Scotland a parish quoad civilia.
Most of the older territories colonized from Great Britain have parishes, both for ecclesiastical and civil purposes, frequently as electoral districts or divisions; in the newer territories where there is no established church the parish has often no official existence, though the Church of England (and, in some cases, other Churches) has applied the name to areas formed for the organization of its own work; and the term is used in the same way by the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States.
α [1292Britton ii. xix. §4 Car en une vile porrount estre plusours paroches, et en une paroche plusours maners, et hameletz plusours porrount apendre a un maner. 1865Nichols tr., For in one town there may be several parishes, and in one parish several manors, and several hamlets may belong to one manor.] 13..Cursor M. 29501 If þou did a sin Anoþer preistes paroch in. 1464Rolls of Parlt. V. 542/1 In the paroche of Cleobury. 1533Cranmer Let. to Cromwell in Misc. Writ. (Parker Soc.) II. 269 My friend..was born in the same paroche. 1681in Lond. Gaz. No. 1649/2 The Ministers of each Paroch. 1742Campbell in Phil. Trans. XLII. 240 John Ferguison, a Native of the Paroch of Killmellfoord in the Shire of Argyle.
β [c1075Laws of William I i. i. 1 E de mere iglise de parosse [v.r. paroisse] xx souz, e de chapele x souz. ]1340Ayenb. 42 Ine ham þet be yefþes..yeueþ þe prouendres and þe parosses oþer oþre benefices of holy cherche. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 413 Þis shulde teche siche persones to take more hede to þer paryzshis. c1386Chaucer Prol. 449 In al the parisshe [v.rr. parysshe, -ich, -issche, -isch(e] wif ne was ther noon That to the offrynge bifore hire sholde goon. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 89 Denys..to deled parisches [v.rr. parsches, paryshes, 1432–50 paresches] and chirche hawes, and assigned to everich a preost. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxiii. 263 Pilours and pyke-herneys in eche parshe [v.r. paresche] a-corsede. c1440Promp. Parv. 384/2 Paros, or parysche (S. pares, or parych), parochia. 1511–12Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 17 §17 Medowes..in the parriche of Ewherst. 1526Tindale 1 Pet. v. 3 Nott as though ye were lordes over the parisshes. 1549Compl. Scot. 167 Nocht ane boroustone nor landuard paris vitht in the realme. 1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 45 A heards⁓mans daughter of the same parish. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iii. xxiv. 220 Otherwise Palestine was a great Parish, and some therein had an hundred miles to Church. 1739Wesley Wks. (1872) I. 201, I look upon all the world as my parish. 1758Johnson Idler No. 29 ⁋9, I am going to settle in my native parish. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 141 Parishes are frequently intermixed with one another. This seems to have arisen from the lord of the manor having had a parcel of land detached from the main part of his estate, but not sufficient to form a parish of itself. 1875Stubbs Const. Hist. I. viii. 227 The parish, then, is the ancient vicus or tún-scipe regarded ecclesiastically. As many townships were too small to require or to support a separate church and priest, many parishes contain several townships. 1885C. I. Elton in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 296/1 Under the powers given by the Church Building Acts, many populous parishes have been subdivided into smaller ecclesiastical parishes.
c. Used as the English name for the corresponding ecclesiastical areas in ancient times or in foreign countries.
1839Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) XIX. 432/1 There are in Rome 54 parishes and 300 churches. 1880E. Hatch in Dict. Chr. Antiq. 1560/1 In Gaul and Spain a single presbyter or a single deacon was sometimes put in charge of a parish. That a deacon might be ‘rector’ of a parish is clear from many instances, e.g. Conc. Illib. c. 77.
d. As many as would fill a parish; a parishful.
1611Shakes. Cymb. iv. ii. 168 Il'd let a parish of such Clotens blood.
2. A district, often identical with an original parish, but often having quite different limits, constituted for various purposes of civil government, and thus designated a civil parish:
a. primarily, Such an area constituted for the administration of the Poor-law, and sometimes distinguished as a poor-law parish; legally defined by Act 52 & 53 Vict. c. 63 §5 as ‘a place for which a separate poor-rate is or can be made, or for which a separate overseer is or can be appointed’. (This area at first coincided with the original parish in sense 1.) Hence the phrase on the parish, in receipt of parochial relief; so to go on the parish, to be brought up by the parish, buried by the parish, etc.
b. An original parish, or other area, separately assessed for land-tax; a land-tax parish. ‘They are described in the series of land-tax accounts from 1692 to the present time, and are also defined in the Taxes Management Act of 1880’ (Elton in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 296).
c. An area treated as a parish for the purpose of the Burial Acts, from 1852 onward; a Burial Acts parish.
d. A district, larger or smaller than an original parish, which constituted a unit for the maintenance of its own highways; a highway parish.
[1601Act 43 Eliz. c. 2 Ouerseers of the Poore of the same Parish.] 1632N. Ferrar Story Bks. Little Gidding (1899) 219 That a Father should leave his children on the Parish through..unthriftines. 1830Examiner 803/2 He shall either go upon the parish or starve. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 653 The selection of the ‘parish’ as the territorial division likely to prove the most convenient for the purposes of poor-law administration, was, no doubt, fully justified by the circumstances of the country in Queen Elizabeth's reign. But..the 13 and 14 Car. II., c. 12, enabled townships, under certain circumstances, to erect themselves into parishes for poor-law purposes. 1885Sir W. B. Brett in Law Rep. 15 Queen's Bench Div. 385 An ordinary parish may..be conterminous with and practically the same thing as a highway parish. 1885Sir C. Dilke in Daily News 14 Oct. 6/1 The township, the hundred, and the county... In place of the three sets of districts which never overlap we have..overlapping areas,..highway parishes and land⁓tax parishes, as distinguished from poor-law parishes, and other anomalies. 1890F. W. Robinson Very Strange Fam. 6 The boy will certainly be sent to the parish, if you don't pay for him. 1893Daily News 22 Mar. 4/6 There are..civil parishes and ecclesiastical parishes, which do not exactly coincide either in number or in extent.
e. transf. and fig. (also influenced by sense 1).
1940Auden Another Time 52 The ape Is really at home in the parish Of grimacing and licking. 1941― New Year Let. i. 25 However miserable may be Our parish of immediacy. 1951Times 1 Jan. 7/6 Covering the whole of the F.E.A.F. [sc. Far East Air Force] area,..two impressions stand out..the vastness of its ‘parish’ and of its commitments..and the slenderness of the aircraft resources at its disposal. 1958P. Kemp No Colours or Crest viii. 153 My parish includes not only the old frontiers of Albania, but the new regions incorporated into the country by the Axis. 1976Shooting Times & Country Mag. 16–22 Dec. 13/2 Others—in the north—consider they are too far south, while in the south some consider they are too far north! In fact, WAGBI is based almost equally between their interests, bordered by the ‘parish’ of Northern Ireland; the North of Scotland; Cornwall and Kent. 1977D. Beaty Excellency ii. 25 From British Embassies and High Commissions all over the world came messages reporting reactions of their parishes to the recent events.
3. a. The inhabitants of a parish; parishioners collectively.
c1290Becket 1845 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 159 Ech preost somonede is paroche [v.r. (Percy Soc.) parosche]. c1325Pol. Songs (Camden) 157 Everuch a parosshe heo polketh in pyne, Ant clastreth with heore colle. c1325Poem Times Edw. II 102 ibid. 328 And thus shal al the parish for lac of lore spille. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 418 Þey harmen hem silf & þer parizs & oþer puple. a1450Myrc 678 Whan thi parisse is togidir mette. 1583Leg. Bp. St. Androis 102 Sic preist, sic pariche: what suld mair? 1680Baxter Answ. Stillingfl. xxxiv. 54 Not the..Tenth Part of the Parish can come to Hear him in the Church. 1750Gray Long Story 42 By this time all the Parish know it. 1876Baring-Gould R. S. Hawker ix. 220 The parish offered to give the church a roofing of the best Delabole slate.
b. U.S. The body of people associated for Christian worship and work in connexion with a particular local church; a congregation; hence, a denomination.
1851Hawthorne Twice-Told T., Minister's Black Veil, All the busybodies and impertinent people in the parish. 1858― Fr. & It. Note-Bks. (1883) 25 Being of another parish, I looked on coldly, but not irreverently. 1875H. Jerson Lamson's Ch. First Three Cent. vii. ii. 308 The term ‘parish’ is applied in America to congregations, considered as the minister's ‘cure of souls’ without the reference to local limits with which in England it is associated.
4. U.S.
a. In colonial times, and still in some of the southern States: A subdivision of a county made for purposes of local self-government.
b. In Louisiana, the name of the (64) territorial divisions corresponding to the counties of other States. Cf. county n. 3.
1772Amherst (Mass.) Rec. (1884) 60/1 The Vote taken respecting the Dividing of the District into two Districts or parishes was past in the Negative. 1839Penny Cycl. XIV. 174/1 For political and civil purposes Louisiana is divided into thirty-one parishes. 1856Olmsted Slave States 639 In the parish of Opelousas (parish, in Louisiana, is equivalent to county) there were many.
5. Hist. In sense of Gr. παροικία: A diocese, or district under the spiritual charge of a bishop.
1709J. Johnson Clergym. Vade M. ii. 10 Let not a Bishop be allowed to leave his own parish, and leap into another. 1898Jessopp in 19th Cent. Jan. 50 Parish indicated originally the geographical area over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extended.
6. Curling. The ring with the tee in the centre.
1893–4R. Caled. Curling Club Ann. 104 (E.D.D.) He has plenty of running to win into the parish.
7. attrib. and Comb.: often = ‘parochial’ adj.
a. Of, belonging, or pertaining to a parish, as parish altar, parish bell, parish bounds, parish constable, parish drudge, parish dungeon, parish duty, parish feast, parish knell, parish living, parish meeting, parish officer, parish parson, parish preacher, parish pulpit, parish rate (so parish-rated adj.), parish school, parish vestry, parish wall; for the service or use of the parish, as parish doctor, parish mag, parish magazine, parish mill, parish nurse, parish pound, parish pump, parish room, etc.; maintained or provided by the parish, as the recognized unit of poor relief (see 2 a), as parish-boy, parish-child, parish-coffin, parish-girl, parish-house, parish poor, parish relief, parish shell, parish workhouse; characteristic of a parish, parochial, as parish-jest, parish-wit; also parish-pensioned adj.b. Special Combs.: parish blue, cloth supplied as a pauper dress (see blue n. 3); parish-book = parish-register (b); parish communion, Eucharist, a communion service held as the principal service of the day (usu. Sunday), and at which most of the congregation communicate; parish lands, landed property belonging to a parish, and administered by the churchwardens; parish lantern (dial. and slang), the moon; parish mass, a mass celebrated in a parish church, spec. = parish communion (quot. 1763 is a fortuitous collocation); parish pump, used allusively (often attrib. or as adj.) to denote political speakers and their speeches, and other matters, that are limited in scope, outlook, or knowledge, or of local importance only; hence parish pumper, one who is concerned with parish-pump politics; parish pumpery, concern with local matters only, parochialism; parish-pumpish a., limited in outlook and interests, parochial; parish-register, † (a) the registrar of a parish; (b) a book recording the christenings, marriages, and burials which take place at the parish church; parish rig (see quots.); parish-rigged a., cheaply rigged; parish school Sc. and N. Amer., = parochial school (parochial a. (n.) 1 a); so parish schoolmaster (the collocation in quot. 1788 may be fortuitous); † parish-top, a top kept for the use of the parishioners; † parish-watch, a parish constable; parish work, the work or duty of attending to the poor and sick of a parish; pastoral work in a parish. See also parish church, clerk, etc.
1481Peebles Charters (1872) 188 Chaplanis and serwandis at the *paroche alter in Sant Andros kyrk, as pleban and curat.
1864Tennyson En. Ard. 616 Though faintly, merrily—far and far away—He heard the pealing of his *parish bells.
1830Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 212 A mark and a suit of *parish blue.
1594Greene & Lodge Looking Glasse G.'s Wks. (Rtldg.) 131/2 For proof he was my child, search the *parish book.
1861J. Brent in Archæol. Cant. IV. 36 Approaching St. George's *parish-bounds.
1749Fielding Tom Jones ii. iii, Who, together with seven *Parish-boys, was learning to read and write.
1663Pepys Diary 20 Aug., A good likely girle, and a *parish child of St. Bride's, of honest parentage. 1715Nelson Addr. Pers. Qual. 187 They will rather take a Child, who hath been educated in a way of Industry,..than any other Parish-Child.
1936Church Q. Rev. Oct.–Dec. 103 There will naturally be no later Solemn Eucharist, and only provision earlier for those who cannot possibly attend the *Parish Communion. 1937A. G. Hebert Parish Communion i. 3 By ‘the Parish Communion’ is meant the celebration of the Holy Eucharist, with the communion of the people, in a parish church, as the chief service of the day, or, better, as the assembly of the Christian community for the worship of God. 1953[see morcellated ppl. a.]. 1968L. Dewar Outl. Anglican Moral Theol. vii. 171 The rise of the ‘Parish Communion’ in the last thirty or forty years..is one of the most remarkable phenomena in the history of the Church of England. 1972C. Stephenson Merrily on High ii. 36 It was his custom to go to Holy Communion on the first Sunday in the month, but when a new vicar started a parish communion..my father felt it his duty to back him up and became a weekly communicant. 1975Church Times 8 Aug. 6/5 The Sunday Parish Communion at 9.15 a.m. had been pioneered, though not originated, by St. John's Newcastle, in 1927.
1897Rhoscomyl White Rose Arno 195 Playing *parish constables and apprehending vagrants.
1848Punch 12 Feb. 59 (caption) Well, young man. So you wish to be engaged as *Parish Doctor? c1875‘Brenda’ Froggy's Little Brother (new ed.) ix. 115 It turned out to be only the parish doctor come to see little Deb Blunt. 1977R. L. Wolff Gains & Losses viii. 425 The parish doctor is a rich man, a scientist.
1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 580 A simple and obscure *parish-drudge, to whom no one pays any manner of attention.
1681Otway Soldier's Fort. v. i, Ye Night-Toads of the *Parish-Dungeon.
1798Southey Old Mansion-ho. i, Old friend! why you seem bent on *parish duty, Breaking the highway stones.
1936E. Underhill Worship v. 94 The choral *Parish Eucharist, the Roman Catholic rite of Benediction,..or any other truly congregational service where the general movement is understood, and hymns, chants, and actions are familiar to all. 1965C. E. Pocknee Parson's Handbk. (ed. 13) p. xii, The whole trend of Sunday morning worship as manifested today in the Parish Eucharist had been foreshadowed by John Wordsworth in The Ministry of Grace (1901).
1715Gay What d'ye Call it Pref., The Ghost of the Embryo and the *Parish-Girl are entire new Characters.
1762Goldsm. Cit. W. xxvi, In every *parish-house..the poor are supplied with food, clothes, fire, and a bed to lie on.
1869Blackmore Lorna D. xliii. (1889) 273 The *parish-knell, which begins when all is over.
1896Pollock Land Laws ii. 40 Sometimes these *parish lands are within the modern boundaries, but by no means always.
1847–78Halliwell, *Parish lantern. 1887J. Ashton 18th Cent. Waifs 235 note, The link-boy's natural hatred of ‘the Parish Lantern’, which would deprive him of his livelihood.
1827Cobbett Prot. Ref. ii. §47 The Bishopricks, the *Parish-livings, the Deanships,..are all in their gift.
a1966M. Allingham Cargo of Eagles (1968) xii. 140 The vicar called to leave 'is compliments and a *parish mag.
1888C. M. Yonge Our New Mistress ii. 14 As had been put into the ‘*Parish Magazine’, she had been two years from her training college. 1926S. T. Warner Lolly Willowes i. 67 The parish magazine said: ‘The vicar had scarcely left East Bingham when war was declared.’ 1955M. Allingham Beckoning Lady ii. 19 He'd ploughed down there through the snow to take her the parish magazine. 1974Times 8 Mar. 16/8 The editor of The Shoreham Gazette, a parish magazine, boasts that he is the first to get into print with a prayer for the new government. 1976Deeside Advertiser 9 Dec., In his parish magazine the Vicar of Shotton has warned parishioners to be prepared for disturbances during Midnight Mass on Christmas Eve.
1763C. Cordell Divine Office for Use of Laity I. p. vi, The prayers, publications, and familiar instructions used at the *Parish-Mass, on Sundays. 1929S. Leslie Anglo-Catholic xx. 275 The following morning Jasper did not return from saying the Parish Mass in time for his early breakfast. 1958S. Neill Anglicanism xiv. 403 In many parishes the ‘Parish Mass’ is followed by a parish breakfast. 1965C. E. Pocknee Parson's Handbk. (ed. 13) ii. 22 The parson must think out whether he intends to develop the Parish Mass with a choir as his chief act of Sunday morning worship. 1970H. Braun Parish Churches xvii. 206 While the sermon has always played a part in the parish Mass, no architectural provision for its delivery appears to have been made until late in the Middle Ages.
1712Prideaux Direct. Ch.-Wardens (ed. 4) 55 They..have a Vote in the *Parish-meetings. 1765Goody Two-Shoes (1766) i. Introd., He stood up for the Poor at the Parish Meetings. 1894[see parish council].
1676Worlidge Cider (1691) 96 Carry your fruit to a *parish-mill.
1716M. Davies Athen. Brit. II. 345 Venerable Alms-women and experienc'd *Parish-Nurses.
1689S. Johnson Rem. on Sherlock's Bk. 37 Without a Constable or *Parish-officer.
1746Lockman To 1st Promoter of Cambrick & Tea Bills 23 Bad tenants, and the ‘*parish-pension'd band.
1693C. Dryden in Dryden's Juvenal vii. (1607) 179 And shew his Tally for the Dole of Bread, With which the *Parish-Poor are daily fed.
1709Steele Tatler No. 56 ⁋3 Nicolas de Boutheiller, *Parish-Preacher of Sasseville.
1915Truth 21 Apr. 620/1 They are the last word in parochialism; but the table is their *parish pump and the croupier is the beadle. 1923Daily Mail 12 Mar. 5 Parish pump politicians distort every word they [sc. statesmen] utter. 1923U. L. Silberrad Lett. J. Armiter x. 211 The to-dos we make over our own parish pump matters. 1961A. Wilson Old Men at Zoo i. 11 The Treasury job..had called for a good measure of toughness; after it, Regent's Park affairs smelt a little of the parish pump. 1962Punch 14 Feb. 285/1 Parish Pump radio, when it comes, may be the biggest draw yet. 1962Radio Times 22 Nov. 40/2 In ‘Talking Point’ we introduce a bit of controversy to avoid being too parish-pump. 1963Times 27 Feb. 8/6 Resistance from parish-pump politics is clearly being encountered; hostility to fresh ideas seems inevitable in a country that has some 38,000 communes containing fewer than 500 people. 1973Times 6 June 18/2 Graham Tope, a Liberal, swept to victory..on a platform of community politics, or the politics of the parish pump. 1977N.Y. Rev. Bks. 9 June 32/4 The news they brought did nothing to still those local manifestations around the parish pumps which had been the very essence of the Old Republic in its Golden Age. 1978G. Greene Human Factor i. i. 14, I don't think I've voted since the war. The issues nowadays so often seem—well, a bit parish pump.
1963Economist 29 June 1387 Worthy *parish-pumpers would do well on the enclave councils.
1962Economist 5 May 425/1 The rest of the country may simply shrug its shoulders at London's enduring *parish-pumpery. 1979G. Pottinger Secretaries of State for Scotland 1926–76 xv. 163 To combat apathy at local elections it was hoped that the top tier would offer an avenue to aspiring politicians, while parish-pumpery would find their satisfaction in the second one.
1968Listener 29 Feb. 283/2 It all sounds incredibly *parish pumpish, but..the parish pump is extremely important when you live next door to it.
a1721Prior Epit., Interr'd beneath this marble stone 33 They paid the Church and *Parish Rate.
1653Acts & Ordin. Parl. c. 6 (Scobell) 237 Some able and honest person..to have the Keeping of the said Book [a Register of Marriages, Births, and Burials], and the person so elected, approved and sworn, shall be called the *Parish-Register. 1712Prideaux Direct. Ch.-Wardens (ed. 4) 96 The Parish-Register is a Parchment Book, in which all the Christnings, Marriages, and Burials of the Parish are Recorded. This was first ordered by the Lord Vicegerent Cromwell,..1538.
1816J. Marcet Convers. Pol. Econ. x. (1861) 151 *Parish relief thus became the very cause of the mischief which it professed to remedy. 1864R. A. Arnold Hist. Cotton Famine vi. 179 One or two members of the Manchester Committee..evidently considered that all subscriptions should be applied to supplement parish relief. 1949N. Mitford Love in Cold Climate xiii. 134 Uncle Matthew..was quite certain in his own mind that he would end up on parish relief.
1937Partridge Dict. Slang 606/1 *Parish-rig, a poorly found ship or an ill-clothed man. 1958J. Bisset Sail Ho! 36 These men [sc. pierhead jumpers] usually had nothing except the clothes they stood up in—known as a ‘parish rig’.
1899F. T. Bullen Log Sea-waif 163 She was what sailors call ‘*parish rigged’, meaning that all her gear was of the cheapest. 1933P. A. Eaddy Hull Down 135 A couple of the new hands who had been shipped just before we left Portland had come aboard pretty well ‘parish rigged’, to use an old sailor term for a man going to sea short of clothes. 1962A. G. Course Dict. Naut. Terms 145 When a seaman joins a ship with few clothes and little working gear he is said to be ‘parish rigged’... The term came to be used afterwards with reference to the ships themselves, so that if they had a minimum of sails, spares and gear to start a voyage they were said to be ‘parish rigged’. 1968L. Morton Long Wake i. 15, I joined Beeswing in what in those days was called ‘Parish rigged’ [sic], in other words with little or no kit.
1794J. Muirhead in J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XI. 81 A *parish school is now a momentary, or at least a temporary employment, for some necessitous person of ability. 1812W. Tennant Anster F. ii. xix, That day the doors of parish-school were shut. 1875G. MacDonald Malcolm I. vii. 67 A cottage rather larger than the rest, which stood close by the churchyard gate. It was the parish school. 1910J. Kerr Scottish Educ. 196 The name, parish schools, conveys no definite idea of the very varied character of the work done in them. 1964Winnipeg Tribune 27 Feb. 1/5 Parish schools deserve a measure of public support, in keeping always with the overall resources of the community and without detriment to the public school system.
1788P. M. Freneau Misc. Wks. 371 She would have killed the *parish schoolmaster with the cluva-stick. 1929J. B. Philip Weelum 11 More than a hundred years ago, the Parish Schoolmaster, who was also a poet, often wandered here.
1879Browning Halbert & Hob 24 Save the sexton the charge of a *parish shell.
1847Emerson Poems, Monadnoc, Rallying round a *parish steeple.
1601Shakes. Twel. N. i. iii. 44 A Coward and a Coystrill that will not drinke to my Neece, till his braines turne o'th toe, like a *parish top. c1616Fletcher & Mass. Thierry & Theod. ii. iii, A boy of twelve Should scourge him hither like a parish-top, And make him dance before you.
c1400Rowland & O. 284 Lete Duke Naymes lenge at hame To kepe *pareche walles fro schame.
a1745Swift Story Injured Lady, I must maintain a *parish watch against thieves and robbers.
1864Tennyson Aylmer's F. 521 To him that fluster'd his poor *parish wits.
1873Mrs. H. Wood in Argosy XVI. 133 *Parish work is not to everyone's taste. 1885C. M. Yonge Nuttie's Father i. xiv. 163 She had a practical soul for parish work, and could appreciate..the exertions made for people of the classes she had always supposed too bad or else too well off to come under clerical supervision. 1911W. Owen Let. 18 June (1967) 75 To become the ‘assistant’ of some hard-worked or studiously inclined parson, helping in parish work, correspondence etc. [Note. (1) Gr. παροικία was the abst. n. from πάροικος adj. (f. παρά by, beside + οἶκος house, dwelling), in cl. Gr. ‘dwelling beside or near, neighbouring, a neighbour’; in LXX, N.T., and Christian writers, ‘dwelling temporarily or sojourning in a foreign land, a sojourner’. As to which of these notions was present, when παροικία passed into ecclesiastical use, opinions differ; the earlier etymologists (Diez, etc.) have taken it as ‘the body of persons dwelling beside, and hence, the district lying about, a church or ecclesiastical centre’; but more recent writers, founding their conclusions upon the usage of the LXX and N.T., take it as = ‘the body of sojourners’, holding the appellation to have been primarily applied to colonies of Jews of the Dispersion sojourning in Alexandria and other Gentile cities, and to have been from them continued or adopted as a name for ‘the Christian brotherhood sojourning in a town or district’, perh. not without reference to the spiritual use of πάροικοι, παροικία (1 Pet. i. 17, ii. 11): see Lightfoot S. Clement II. 6, Hatch in Dict. Chr. Antiq. s.v. Parish. (2) According to Lightfoot, παροικία was at first used in a much more general sense than διοίκησις, diocese, of which it was later a synonym, as were its L. representatives parœcia, parochia down even to the 12th c. The modern sense ‘parish’ appears already in St. Basil a 379. Although parochia was used in the wider sense at the Councils of Celchyth a.d. 816, and Clovesho 825, and is so rendered even in 12th c. glossaries (cf. Wr.-Wülcker 537/10 Diocesis vel parochia, biscopriche), parish, as an English word, is found only with the modern meaning (exc. when used by later writers as a literal rendering of the Gr. or L. word: sense 5). (3) The relation to the original παροικία, parœcia, of later and med.L. parochia, presents difficulty. The latter could not arise out of the former by any normal phonetic process; and it has been suggested by various scholars independently that parochia is really a derivative from L. parochus (Gr. πάροχος), the name of a local official in the country parts of Italy who supplied public personages with entertainment, etc., when they came into his district; and that this familiar term was popularly substituted for the unfamiliar parœcia. Cf. what is said under parrock, as to the OHG. rendering of parochia by the apparently native pharra, pfarre.] Hence ˈparished a. (in comb.), having parishes.
1864Life H. Airay in Comment. Bible 1 The county is somewhat wide and many-parished.
▪ II. parish, v. dial.|ˈpærɪʃ|
[f. parish n.]
intr. a. To belong to or go with as part of a parish.
1833Drakard's Stamford News 8 Oct., A village that parishes with one adjoining. 1886S. W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., It is said of an hamlet or township that it parishes to some other place, that is, forms one ecclesiastical parish with it. Thus Whisby parishes to Doddington, and Morton to Swinderby.
b. Of a clergyman: to do parish work. rare.
1880J. Gott Lett. (1918) 132 The growth and gymnastics of the mind, the mind with which one prays and parishes. |