| 释义 |
Papuan, n. and a.|ˈpæpjʊən|
[f. Papua (see prec.), formerly a name for the island of New Guinea and later for a territory consisting of its south-eastern part (now incorporated in the state of Papua New Guinea, independent since 1975): see -an.]
A. n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Papua (or Papua New Guinea); also, a member of the racial type found there.
1814J. Maver tr. J. Martínez De Zũniga's Hist. View Philippine Islands I. p. xii, It is generally allowed that the language spoken by the Papuans, Samangs, and Negritos of the Philippines, and adjacent islands, is totally different from the Malayan. 1869A. R. Wallace Malay Archipelago II. xl. 445 In stature the Papuan decidedly surpasses the Malay. 1876Encycl. Brit. V. 790/2 The rite of circumcision..is still kept up..among the Papuans. 1902Chambers's Jrnl. May 287/2 [With] the Negro..he throws in the Papuans and Malays, who have black or olive skins. 1913J. G. Frazer Belief in Immortality I. ix. 190 The Papuans, a tall, dark-skinned, frizzly-haired race, inhabit apparently the greater part of New Guinea, including the whole of the western and central portions of the island. 1954M. K. Wilson tr. Lorenz's Man meets Dog p. ix, Even highly civilized peoples..were accustomed to treat their prisoners no better than domestic animals... The Papuans eat them even to-day with excellent appetite. 1975J. van de Wetering Outsider in Amsterdam (1976) i. 12 Suddenly de Gier knew what this man had to be. Not a Negro but a Papuan.
2. The Papuan group of languages.
1925H. Murray Papua of Today ii. 33 The Territory shows even a greater variety of languages. These languages are classified as Papuan and Melanesian. 1939L. H. Gray Foundations of Lang. 388 The Dravidian family seems to be isolated within India, all attempts to connect it either with Uralic, Altaic, Elamite, Subaraean, Burushaskī, Andamanese, Australian, or Papuan having proved unsuccessful. 1949M. Mead Male & Female 416 The Arapesh are a Papuan-speaking people. 1960C. Winick Dict. Anthropol. 401/1 Papuan, a New Guinea linguistic stock, non-Melanesian or non-Austronesian. 1978Language LIV. 467 This vast area contains two well-established language families (Austronesian and Australian), as well as a bewildering congeries of seemingly diverse speech communities centering in New Guinea which until recent years were known only under the negative collective label ‘Papuan’ (= non-Austronesian, non-Australian).
B. adj.
1. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Papua (or Papua New Guinea) or its inhabitants.
1869A. R. Wallace Malay Archipelago II. xl. 449 These people..are tall and well-made, with Papuan features, and curly hair. 1875Encycl. Brit. III. 739/1 The Papuan Subregion..comprises, besides the large and imperfectly-known island whence its name is derived, three other provinces, which may be named the Timorese, the Celebesian, and the Moluccan. 1930A. Huxley Let. 7 Jan. (1969) 326 The way every trace of beauty, originality, charm, nobility, existing in the various indigenous arts and crafts—from Papuan and Melanesian to Chinese and Indian—had been utterly stamped out. 1957P. Worsley Trumpet shall Sound v. 98 Its leader..declared that he was charged by God to convert his Papuan fellows. 1973A. Behrend Samarai Affair xii. 124 A small roundish lump now shrunken and indeterminate but once the head of a Papuan tribesman.
2. spec. Of or pertaining to a group of non-Austronesian languages spoken in Papua (or Papua New Guinea).
1885Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 780/1 Still less known are the Papuan or Negrito languages, belonging to the black race with frizzled hair inhabiting most of New Guinea, and found also in the interior of some of the other islands having been driven from the coasts by superior intruders of the Malay race. 1908T. G. Tucker Introd. Nat. Hist. Language 145 The Papuan languages, in New Guinea and some smaller islands, breaking the geographical continuity of the Malayo-Polynesian family. 1912J. H. P. Murray Papua v. 135 The languages of the islands at the east end of Papua are all classed as Melanesian, with the exception of Rossel Island, the language of which is considered to be Papuan. Ibid. v. 137 The language is..unmusical in sound... It seems to be a Papuan language. 1925― Papua of To-Day ii. 33 The Papuan and Australian languages meet,..in Torres Straits. 1933L. Bloomfield Language iv. 71 The other families of this part of the earth have been little studied; the Papuan family, on New Guinea and adjacent islands, and the Australian language. 1943Official Handbk. New Guinea v. 343 The Papuan languages..are said to differ as much among themselves as do the languages of the Indo-European group. 1957Oceania XXVIII. 159 There is a distant genetic relationship between a group of Papuan (non-Austronesian) languages in the Vogelkop peninsula of Netherlands New Guinea and the equally non-Austronesian languages of North Halmahera. 1971Laycock & Voorhoeve in Current Trends in Linguistics VIII. 509 It is rare for speakers of Papuan languages to have a name for themselves. 1975Encycl. Papua & New Guinea II. 610/2 The Papuan languages are not a single family. |