| 释义 |
▪ I. pantograph, n.|ˈpæntəgrɑːf, -æ-|
Also erron. panta-, panti-, penta-, pento-, pente-.
[mod. f. Gr. παντο- panto-, all + -γράϕος writing, writer. So F. pentographe (Bion 1723), pantographe (1743 in Hist. Acad. des Sci.), the proximate source. Erroneously spelt by Bion and his translator Stone pento-, and by Chambers 1727 penta- (as if from Gr. πεντα- five); the latter still frequent in commercial and technical use.]
a. An instrument for the mechanical copying of a plan, diagram, pattern, etc., on the same or an enlarged or reduced scale. In 17th c. called parallelogram.
It consists of four rods, perforated at uniform distances, and jointed together, two opposite joints being terminal and constant in position, the other two capable of being shifted according to the scale desired; one of the free ends carries a tracing-point, and one of the terminal joints a similar tracing-point; when one of these points is moved over the lines of the diagram, etc., the other traces the copy required.
[1631C. Scheiner (title) Pantographice, seu Ars Delineandi res quaslibet per parallelogrammum lineare..mobile. 1723N. Bion Instr. de Math. 89 L'instrument..est nommé Pentographe; on le nomme aussi Singe.] 1723E. Stone tr. Bion's Math. Instr. 86 Of the Pentograph, or Parallelogram. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Pentagraph, an instrument whereby designs, prints, etc. of any kind, may be copied in any proportion;..otherwise called a parallelogram. [1743Mach. approuv. par l' Acad. des Sci. vii. 207 Pantographe, ou singe perfectionné, Par M. Langlois.] 1766B. Martin Surv. by Goniometer 18 There remains therefore only the Pantagraph to be described. 1803Hawkins Patent Specif. No. 2735 Attaching..pencils, etc. to a double pantograph. 1844G. Dodd Textile Manuf. vi. 200 An instrument called a pantograph has been introduced for producing an exquisite embroidery on plain silk goods after weaving. 1844Mech. Mag. XL. 92 The Eidograph,..invented about the year 1821..is considered superior in many respects to the Pentograph. 1879G. B. Prescott Sp. Telephone 303 By using a form of pantograph, Prof. Mayer has obtained magnified tracings on smoked glass. 1897[see pantographer 2].
attrib.1875Knight Dict. Mech. s.v. Pantograph, The plate is then laid on the curved bed of the pantograph machine. 1895Oracle Encycl. I. 585/2 Patterns are also etched on the rollers with nitric acid, by lines cut..by means of Rigby's pentagraph machine. 1897Westm. Gaz. 26 June 6/3 The pantagraph power-shuttle machine.
b. A device of similar construction for mechanically reducing the cross-head motion of the indicator used for recording the pressure in a steam cylinder.
1893Whitham Constr. Steam Eng. 154 A simple form of pantagraph, for use when the indicators are attached to the side of the cylinder. Ibid., Pantagraph motions have been devised for overcoming these defects.
c. A jointed, self-adjusting framework on the top of an electric locomotive for conveying the current from overhead wires.
1907F. H. Davies Elect. Power & Traction xxiii. 269 The..collecting gear is that known as the pantograph, and the object..is to permit of high speed running and reversal of direction without any corresponding adjustment of the gear. 1920Glasgow Herald 23 Sept. 7 Electric locomotives can..be fitted..with pantograph collectors. 1930Engineering 20 June 793/3 Only one pantograph was used at all speeds, so long as the current did not exceed 1800 amps. 1957Railway Mag. Mar. 159/2 The pantograph is raised by pressing the push-button in the driving trailer. 1970Daily Mail 8 Jan. 1/4 The pantograph..appears to have jumped on top of the wire instead of running beneath it. 1977Modern Railways Dec. 492/1 The primary reason for the central position was power collection problems at high speed in a two-power-car formation if each power car had its own pantograph.
d. Used of other mechanisms in the form of a movable diamond-shaped trellis or lazy tongs.
1942Archit. Rev. XCII. 46 (caption) The early tube carriages of 1906, seqq., had pantograph doors at both ends. 1975Observer 9 Mar. 33/5 The driver's screen-wiper is a pantograph type and sweeps a commendably large area but the passenger's section of the screen has a big unswept corner.
Hence ˈpantographing vbl. n., the manipulation of a pantograph.
1897Sketch 26 May 181/2 A front girl who must always have had experience in pantagraphing.
▪ II. pantograph, v.|ˈpæntəgrɑːf, -æ-|
[f. the n.]
trans. To enlarge by means of a pantograph. Cf. pantographing vbl. n.
1934in Webster. 1936J. Agate in Sunday Times 12 Apr. 5/1 Can a drop-earring be pantographed to chandelier-size without loss of exquisiteness? |