| 释义 |
▪ I. panning, vbl. n.1|ˈpænɪŋ|
[f. pan v.1 + -ing1.]
1. a. The action or process of washing auriferous sand, gravel, or crushed rock, by agitation in a pan, so as to obtain the particles of gold or other substance of greatest specific gravity. Also with out.
1839Amer. Railroad Jrnl. VIII. 99 This operation is continued until all the sand is removed, and nothing but the gold left. It is called ‘panning out’. 1870Tucker Mute 40 Others to these the precious dirt convey, Linger a moment till the panning's through. 1872‘Mark Twain’ Roughing It lxi. 443 ‘Panning out’ refers to the washing process by which the grains of gold are separated from the dirt. 1901Munsey's Mag. XXV. 662/1 Panning is the crudest and simplest method of getting out gold dust.
b. The proceeds of such washing; the gold (or other valuable substance) obtained.
1891Times 15 Jan. 5/2 Samples from the surface of the various reefs..show rich pannings. 1893Westm. Gaz. 6 Dec. 6/1 My pannings from these claims are splendid.
c. The action of denouncing or criticizing severely. (Cf. pan v.1 7.)
1914Sat. Even. Post 15 Aug. 9/1 Speed sure got a pannin' in the clubhouse... Everybody..roasted him, but it didn't do no good. 1946Jazz Writings 21/2 All this sounds like a merciless panning, I'm afraid, and yet it is kindly meant. 1958Spectator 16 May 624/2 The Council of Industrial Design's exhibition..has had a panning from the design critics. Speaking..as a consumer, I agree with the criticism. 1960News Chron. 27 Feb. 4/8 It was about the only thing in the show which did not get a panning from the critics.
d. attrib., as panning test, panning trough.
1850N. Kingsley Diary 17 May (1914) 122 Stoped down to day and made a panning trough to pour quick⁓silver from the riffler into and fix the pump. 1951Oxf. Jun. Encycl. VII. 21/1 One of the oldest methods of assay..is the miner's concentration or ‘panning’ test.
2. Agric. The action of pan v.1 6: the hardening of a layer of soil.
1939Geogr. Jrnl. XCIV. 468 A heavy black clay of undetermined depth without any evidence of panning, no iron concentrations and no characteristics of laterite. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 26 Jan. 78/3, I am completely convinced that a panning effect is negligible compared with that of a plough. 1971Power Farming Mar. 50/2 (Advt.), Even in sticky conditions the Soilmaster acts efficiently without ‘bulldozing’—Positively no panning. Before buying a new cultivator get the facts on the Soil⁓master range.
▪ II. ˈpanning, vbl. n.2
[f. pan v.3 + -ing1.]
The action of pan v.3 Also attrib., esp. in panning shot.
1917C. N. Bennett Guide to Kinematogr. ii. 22 Sweeping round the camera from side to side is called panoraming or ‘panning’. 1939G. Greene Lawless Roads vi. 147 If I had moved a camera all round..the little plaza in a panning shot. 1946Electronic Engin. XVIII. 207 The trick of camera panning from one speaker to another. 1953K. Reisz Technique Film Editing ii. 42 A scene..shot from a large number of set-ups, some of them with a panning or tracking camera. 1967Spectator 6 Oct. 392/2 The producer..was not helped by his camera crews, who, if their panning shots were tremulous, zoomed in on things like homing missiles. 1969Amat. Photographer 23 Apr. 51/4 When you are forced to work more or less broadside-on,..swing the camera as you expose in the same direction as the movement. This technique, known as ‘panning’, is much used by press photographers. 1977Radio Times 28 May 17/1 A long panning shot across some velvet cushions. |