| 释义 |
Panama|pænəˈmɑː, ˈpæn-|
[The name of a city and state in Central America, and of the isthmus uniting North and South America.]
attrib. Of or pertaining to Panama: spec. Panama disease, a vascular wilt disease of banana trees, caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, and characterized by the yellowing and wilting of the leaves, first described from infected trees in Central America in 1910. Panama fever: see quot. 1890. Panama hat, a misnomer for a hat made from the undeveloped leaves of the stemless screw-pine (Carludovica palmata) of tropical South America; now often applied to hats made in imitation of this; also absol. Panama n. Panama hat palm, Panama hat plant, the screw-pine, Carludovica palmata, which produces leaves used in the manufacture of Panama hats; = jipijapa a. Panama red, a local variety of marijuana grown in Panama.
1848Colburn's United Service Mag. iii. 67 One veteran in a panama and rosette deputed by the body, addressed me in Spanish. 1873J. Miller Life amongst Modocs 44 He could not push his panama any further back. 1885A. Brassey The Trades 177 It is sometimes called..the hat-palm, the young shoots making excellent sombreros or panamas. 1900Jrnl. Soc. of Arts 17 Aug. 744 In buying a panama it is necessary to ascertain two things—that the straw is whole and that it is not stiffened. 1975G. Avery Childhood's Pattern ix. 216 School uniform was no badge of servitude... Nobody sat viciously on their Panamas.
1910E. Essed in Ann. Bot. XXIV. 488 The Panama Disease.—Preliminary Notice.—This fungoid disease on the Musa sapientum var. Gros Michel was, it seems, first detected in Central America. 1913W. Fawcett Banana xiii. 87 The true Panama disease also exists in Trinidad. 1934A. Huxley Beyond Mexique Bay 16 That insidious Panama Disease..has ruined so many [banana] plantations throughout the Caribbean. 1949Caribbean Q. I. iii. 43 Bananas resistant to Panama disease..are being grown commercially. 1956H. G. de Lisser Cup & Lip x. 119, I instructed him to go to Napleton to see Sampson about the treatment of Panama Disease. 1969New Scientist 16 Jan. 142/2 Panama disease of bananas is not controlled by eliminating the pathogen but by selecting resistant strains of banana. 1972J. W. Purseglove Tropical Crops: Monocotyledons II. 368 Panama disease, also known as banana wilt and vascular wilt,..is one of the world's most catastrophic plant diseases.
1850J. L. Tyson Diary of Physician in Calif. 29 The so-called Panama fever rarely occurs, unless previous disease has wasted the powers. 1868Overland Monthly Dec. 561/1 After hearing all about how she felt, his diagnosis was a mild case of fever—Panama fever. 1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict. II. 281 Panama fever. Sometimes malarial and sometimes yellow fever. 1940F. Riesenberg Golden Gate 109 Complaints charged that the frequent burials at sea resulted from improper care of those who had contracted ‘Panama fever’ or ‘yellow fever’.
1833Marryat P. Simple xxx, Men, with large panama straw hats on their heads. 1856C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain ii. xi. 455 Dr. Spencer was in the hall, with his bamboo, his great Panama hat, and grey loose coat. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Panama-hats, very fine plaited hats made from the fan⁓shaped leaves of Carludovica palmata, which are generally worn in the West Indies and American Continent, and fetch a high price. In Central America where they are made, the palm is called Jipijapa. 1900Jrnl. Soc. of Arts 17 Aug. 744 Jipijapa or Panama hats. Ecuador is the real home of the hats wrongly designated under the name of ‘panama’... Everywhere in Latin America the hat is known under the name of ‘Jipijapa’ in honour of the city where its manufacture was first started. 1916‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin iii. 34 Vernon Hatherley, the lieutenant-commander (T.), clad in an ancient Panamá hat and a suit of indescribable overalls. 1974Country Life 4 Apr. 816/1 Simple panama hat with gros-grain ribbon.
1931P. C. Standley in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. X. 117 Carludovica palmata... Panama hat palm... Common in wet forest; ranging to Guatemala and southward to Peru. 1941T. H. Goodspeed Plant Hunters in Andes v. 146 Along such forest margins small species of bamboo, ‘Panama hat’ palms, tree ferns, the ginger, and other attractive plants disported themselves. 1954R. W. Schery Plants for Man vii. 176/1 The Panama hat palm..grows wild in most of the American tropics. 1972J. W. Purseglove Tropical Crops: Monocotyledons I. 94 Panama Hat Plant{ddd}occurs wild in the humid forests of Central America.
1967Boston Sunday Herald 26 Mar. iv. 1/1 Traffic in marijuana—Acapulco Gold and the better quality Panama Red and Yakatanga Purple—out of Mexico has steadily increased in the last three years. 1972Last Whole Earth Catalog (Portola Inst.) 62/3 Acapulco Gold, Panama Red, and other strains of grass are reputed to be particularly potent. |