| 释义 |
▪ I. pallet, n.1 Obs. exc. Sc.
Forms: 4–5 palet, -ete, pallette, 5–6 palett(e, 6 pallat(t, 6 (9 Sc.) pallet, (7 -ed).
[a. OF. palet, dim. of pal stake.]
†1. A piece of armour for the head, a head-piece (usually of leather). Obs.
1374Inv. in Promp. Parv. 379 note, Item, ij. ketelhattes, et ij. paletes, prec' vj.s. viij.d. 1399Langl. Rich. Redeles iii. 325 A preuy pallette her pannes to kepe, To hille here lewde heed in stede of an houe. 1405in Promp. Parv. 379 note, Doublettes, jakkes, basynettes, vysers, palettes, aventailles. 1411E. E. Wills (1882) 19 An aburioun of stele with a pallette couerte with reede velwette. c1440Promp. Parv. 378/2 Palet, armowre for the heed, pelliris, galerus. c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 782/34 Nomina Armorum... Hec tassis, a palett...galea.
2. transf. The head, pate. Now only Sc.
c1330Arth. & Merl. 4016 On the helme he smot for soth, Thurch helme and palet to the toth. a1352Minot Poems vii. 131 Inglis men sall..Knok þi palet or þou pas, And mak þe polled like a frere. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxxiii. 51 As blaksmyth bruikit was his pallatt, For battering at the study. a1529Skelton Elynour Rummyng 348, I shall breake your palettes, Wythout ye now cease! 1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 21 Neptun..his pleasing pallet vp⁓heauing Hee noted Aeneas. 1596Nashe Saffron Walden 50 Not a pinnes head or a moaths pallet. 1638R. Brathwait Barnabees Jrnl. i. C ij, Till I brake a Blacksmith's palled. 1826G. Beattie John o' Arnha' in Life (1863) 248 The ither bore The gausty pallet, grim with gore.
▪ II. pallet, n.2|ˈpælɪt|
Forms: α. 4–5 paillet(t, 4–6 payllet, paylet, 4–7 pailet, 5 palyet, 6 Sc. pelat; β. 5–6 palet(t, 6 -ette, 6–7 pallate, (6–8 -ad, 7 palate), 7–8 pallat, 6– pallet.
[ME. paillet: cf. dial. F. paillet heap or bundle of straw, deriv. of paille straw:—L. palea chaff; also AF. paillete straw, in Bestiary 475.]
1. A straw bed; a mattress; a small, poor, or mean bed or couch.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 229 (180) On a pailet [v.r. paylet] al þat glade nyght By Troylus he lay. c1440Promp. Parv. 379/2 Palyet, lytylle bed, lectica. c1450Bk. Curtasye 435 Gromes palettis. 1505Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. III. 150 Item, for stra to the Quenis pelat.. xijd. 1557Order of Hospitalls G ij, Of Beddes, Bolsters, Mattresses,..Pallads. 1615Bp. Hall Contempl., O.T. xi. iv, This man, though great in Bethlehem, lays him down to rest upon a pallet. 1758Goldsm. Mem. Protestant (1895) I. 115, I perceived the Water had soaked through the Pallet. 1827Moore Epicur. xvi. (1839) 165 Content with a rude pallet of straw. 1883Froude Short Stud. IV. i. xi. 128 The monks then sought their pallets.
fig.1601Holland Pliny I. 527 All this preuaileth not in a leane and hungry ground, vnlesse fatter earth be laied as a pallet vnderneath. 1634Milton Comus 318 Ere..the low roosted lark From her thatch't pallat rowse.
b. Comb., as pallet-bed, pallet-chamber, pallet-couch.
1513More Rich. III (1882) 82 King Richard..came out in to the pallet chamber, on which he found in bed sir James and sir Thomas Tyrels. 1618Sir S. D'Ewes Autobiog. (1845) I. 111, I assisted at her pallet-side, kneeling, weeping, and praying with others. 1707Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. ii. xiv. 175 The Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber..whose Office..is to lie by the King on a Pallet-Bed all Night. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles iv. xxiii, That pallet-couch, and naked wall.
†2. Naut. See quots. Obs. (It is not certain where this belongs; some place it under the next.)
1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Pallet is a Room within the Hold of a Ship, closely parted from it, in which by laying some Pigs of Lead, &c. a Ship may be sufficiently ballasted, without losing room in the Hold; which therefore will serve for Stowing the more Goods. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Pallet, a ballast-locker formerly used, to give room in the hold for other stowage.
Sense 1 b in Dict. becomes 1 c. Add: [1.] b. A temporary or makeshift bed, usu. consisting of bedclothes spread on the floor. U.S. (chiefly dial.).
1884‘M. Twain’ Huck. Finn xxvi. 257 Up garret was a little cubby, with a pallet in it. 1925E. Glasgow Barren Ground ii. xiii. 328 She had offered to stay on for the night. ‘I can make up a pallet jest as easy as not in yo' Ma's room,’ she said. 1930W. Faulkner As I lay Dying 183 They made a pallet for him with quilts on top of the coffin. 1943J. Stuart Taps for Private Tussie xiii. 175 She laid a quilt down on the dirty floor; then she spread a sheet over the quilt and another quilt over the sheet... Then she took six pillows from the sack Grandpa carried and put two down on each pallet. 1989Chicago Tribune 2 Feb. 13/5 It wasn't unusual for 10 or 15 people to be sleeping on pallets on the floor and on counters.
▪ III. pallet, n.3|ˈpælɪt|
Also 8 palet, pallat, (8–9 palate).
[a. F. palette, dim. of pale spade, shovel, blade, etc., a word of many senses, some of which in English retain the form palette, q.v.]
1. A wooden instrument consisting of a flat blade or plate, with a handle attached; spec. that used, in various forms, by potters and others for shaping their work.
1558Warde tr. Alexis' Secr. 114 Styrynge it well fyrste with a sticke, and than with a pallet broade at the ende. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 390 A rodd of Iron fastned to a pallet, that reaches out a little beyond the Anvil. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Ointment, Beat it with a wooden Palet, and change the Water, so that it becomes as white as Milk. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Pallet, among potters, crucible-makers, etc., is a wooden instrument..for forming, beating, and rounding their works. They have several kinds; the largest are oval with a handle;..others..in manner of large knives. 1837J. T. Smith tr. Vicat's Mortars 95 note, The pallet or board (called the ‘hawk’), used by plasterers for mixing small quantities of stucco as they apply it.
2. An artist's tablet for paints; a palette, q.v.
†3.
a. A flat board, plate, or disk; e.g. the blade of an oar, the float of a paddle-wheel. Obs.
1721Phil. Trans. XXXI. 244 There's no Improvement to be made, either with respect to the Proportion of the Oars, their Length, the Breadth of the Pallets. 1725H. de Saumarez ibid. XXXIII. 412 At each End of the Lines, which constitute the Angle,..are two Pallets not much unlike the Figure of the Log. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Fox, The Fox..will endeavour..to pull out the Food he smells in the Hole..and cause the Pallet to fall. 1808Specif. Trevithick & Dickinson's Patent No. 3148 A rowing wheel..furnished with floats or pallets, but which we call our propelling boards.
spec. b. Brick-making. A board for carrying away a newly moulded brick: cf. planchet. c. Each of the series of disks in a chain-pump.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 189 As the wheel revolves, the piston rods..will cause the pistons to force the new-moulded bricks, with their pallet or board under them, severally up the mould. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Pallet...3. One of the series of disks or pistons in the chain-pump or chapelet... 7. (Clay.) a. A board on which a newly molded brick is carried away to the hack. 1875[see page n.1 8].
d. A portable tray or platform used, esp. in conjunction with a fork-lift truck, for moving or stacking heavy loads in convenient units. Also attrib.
1921R. V. Wright et al. Material Handling Cycl. 97 Pallet, a flat platform..used to pile material on. 1948P.O. Telecomm. Jrnl. I. iv. 119/2 A pallet is a double-faced wooden or metal platform with a space between the top and bottom faces significantly large to permit the entry of the forks of a forklift truck. 1958[see fork n. 16]. 1961Times 10 June 11/6 Tomatoes..packed, 120 at a time, into ‘pallets’ or metal trays supplied by British Railways. 1963Times 23 July 7/3 The soldiers will sit in what are called ‘people pallets’ which will be dropped from low-flying Lockheed C130 assault aircraft. The pallets, which hold 12, 24 or 48 men, will be carried on the open cargo ramp at the rear end of the aircraft. 1971Power Farming Mar. 13/2 Five-ton high-lift pallet trailers were used to transport the carrots from the field to the packing station. 1974Guardian 20 Mar. 5/4 Pack your goods onto a standard pallet up to 40{pp} × 48{pp}... We lift the whole pallet and take it to any of..17 different European destinations. 1976Farnborough Internat. Exhib. (Official Programme) 17 Hawker Siddeley Dynamics..has a {pstlg}6m. contract to build experiment carrying pallets for Spacelab. 1978S. Brill Teamsters vii. 266 Pallets are the wooden trays under which any heavy cargo is loaded.
†4. Gilding. A flat brush for taking up gold-leaf.
1727–41Chambers Cycl., Pallet, in gilding, is an instrument made of a squirrel's tail; used to take up the gold leaves from the pillow, to apply and extend them on the matter to be gilt.
5. A projection on some part of a machine, which engages with the teeth of a wheel, and thus converts a reciprocating into a rotary motion, or vice versâ; esp. a projection upon the pendulum or the arbor of the balance-wheel of a clock or watch, engaging with the escapement-wheel. [So in Fr.]
1704Derham in Phil. Trans. XXV. 1788 It is scarce possible to manage the Pallets so, as nicely to make the same Vibrations as were in Vacuo. 1730–6Bailey (folio), Pallats, two nuts that play in the fangs of the crown wheel of a watch. a1774Goldsm. Surv. Exp. Philos. (1776) I. 149 The pendulum has two palates,..which at equal intervals rise and fall, and let the teeth of the wheels pass under them in equable succession. 1830Kater & Lardner Mech. xiv. 194 The pallets are connected with the pendulum so as to oscillate with it.
6. In an organ: Any one of the valves in the upper part of the wind-chest, each of which is connected with a key of the keyboard, and, on being opened by pressing down the key, admits the ‘wind’ or compressed air to a groove beneath the set of pipes corresponding to that key.
Also applied to other valves, as waste-pallet, a valve allowing escape of air from the storage-bellows when too full.
1840Penny Cycl. XVI. 493/2, E is the spring which keeps the pallet in its place when not in use. 1852Seidel Organ 48 Of various sorts of valves..those called palates are the most important ones. 1898Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms 338 In order to prevent an undue rising of the bellows when more wind is supplied than used, a waste-pallet is placed in every bellows.
7. Bookbinding. A tool for impressing letters or figures on the back of a book, consisting of a metal block mounted on a handle and having the letters, etc. engraved upon it, or the required types fastened in it.
1875Ure's Dict. Arts I. 425 The tools..whether single letters or figures, or ‘pallets’ (that is, the title of a book, &c., cut in a single metal block) are mounted on wooden handles, and applied before use to a gas burner, in order to obtain the requisite heat.
8. Conch. = palette 4 a.
9. attrib. and Comb., as pallet-frame, pallet-spring, pallet-wheel, pallet-wire; pallet-arbor, an arbor on which a pallet (in a clock, etc.) is fixed; pallet-board = sense 3 b; pallet-box, in an organ, a box or chest forming part of the wind-chest, containing the pallets belonging to one keyboard; pallet-eye, in an organ, a loop of wire at one end of a pallet, to which is attached the wire by which it is pulled down; pallet-leather, in an organ, the soft leather with which the inner surface of a pallet is faced; pallet-moulding, in Brick-making, a process in which each brick as moulded is turned out on a pallet, and the mould sanded to prevent adhesion of the clay; pallet-tail, each of the rocking arms which bear the pallets in certain escapements.
1883Sir E. Beckett Clocks & Watches 185 In all clocks of this kind the *pallet-arbors are set in small cocks.
1875Ure's Dict. Arts I. 529 (Brick-making) This operation is repeated each time that a *pallet-board comes under the hopper.
1898Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms 339 Attached to a loop of wire called the *pallet-eye, fastened to the moveable end of the pallet.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 521 That part of the *pallet frame..in which is set the stone for receiving the action or impulse of the small pin teeth, is formed into a rectangular shape.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. s.v., In *pallet-molding the molds are usually sanded; in slop-molding they are wetted.
1876Preece & Sivewright Telegraphy 84 The wheel has fifteen teeth cut on its circumference; its play is regulated by two small pallets..and two small steel *pallet-springs.
1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 226 The *pallet staff holes are found to wear very much if not jewelled.
1793Sir G. Shuckburgh in Phil. Trans. LXXXIII. 88 The index that is carried round immediately by the pendulum, viz. on the same arbor with the *pallet wheel.
1852Seidel Organ 51 Muller has tried to put all the *palate-wires, belonging to one manual, into one common hole.
▪ IV. pallet, n.4 Her.|ˈpælɪt|
Also 7 palett.
[dim. of pale n.1 6.]
An ordinary resembling the pale (pale n.1 6), but of half its breadth.
1572J. Bossewell Armorie 12 But it [the Pale] may be diminished, as from a Paile to a Pallet which is ye halfe of the Paile. 1661Morgan Sph. Gentry ii. iii. 33 The pale, whose content is the third part of the whole field, and is divided again into the Pallet, which is half the pale, and the Endors which is half the Pallet. 1864Boutell Her. Hist. & Pop. iii. 15 The arms of Raymond, Count of Provence—or, 4 pallets gules.
▪ V. † pallet, n.5 Obs.
[a. F. palette, OF. paellete (Gloss. de Salins, 13–14th c.), dim. of paele shallow pan:—L. patella.]
A vessel of a definite measure used to receive the blood in blood-letting.
1627Hakewill Apol. iii. v. §5. 205 A..Surgeon..reports that he drew from a patient..in foure dayes twenty seven pallets, euery pallet..containing three ounces and more.
▪ VI. † pallet, a. Obs. rare.
[a. OF. palet (13–14th c. in Godef.), dim. of pâle pale a.; but in reference to wine, cf. vin paillet light or straw-coloured wine.]
Of a light colour between red and white; pale red, flesh-coloured.
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Heluus color, a pallet colour, or a fleash colour of white and redde. 1573–80Baret Alv. C 792 Horseflesh colour, or pallet colour in wine. c1600J. Burel Pilgr. in J. Watson Coll. Scot. Poems (1709) ii. 11 Vpon thair brest..The Rubie pallet and Th' opall, Togither with the Amatist. 1611Cotgr., Vin baillet, a pallet, or pale Claret, wine. 1632Sherwood, Pallet wine, vin baillet, vin paillet.
▪ VII. pallet
obs. form of palette, palate.
▪ VIII. pallet, v. rare.|ˈpælɪt|
[f. pallet n.2]
intr. To lie down to sleep on or as on a pallet.
1921G. C. Shedd Lady of Mystery House xix. 263 He and I could pallet down on the porch. |