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▪ I. palatine, a.1 and n.1|ˈpælətaɪn, -ɪn|
Also 5 palatyn(e, 6 pallatyne, (7 -een), 7–8 pallatine, palatin; 7 paladine; 5 palen-, palyntyne, 6 pallentine, 6–7 palentine, palantine, -yne.
[a. F. palatin, -ine (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. palātīn-us of or belonging to the palātium or palace, as n. ‘an officer of the palace, a chamberlain’.]
A. adj.
1. Of or belonging to the imperial palace of the Cæsars; of or belonging to the palace or court of the German emperors; of or belonging to a palace; of the character of or befitting a palace; palatial.
1598Stow Surv. 37 The Citie of London..hath in the East a very great & most strong Palatine Tower. 1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Palatine, belonging to a Princes Court, or pallace. a1735Hearne tr. Petrus Blesensis in Agnes Strickland Queens Eng. (1842) I. 317 Your king..gave himself up to palatine idleness. 1819Keats Lamia 211 In Pluto's gardens palatine. 1859Parker Dom. Archit. III. ii. vii. 372 The pure palatine nature of these is shewn in an excellent treatise abstracted by Pennant.
2. Possessing royal privileges; having a jurisdiction (within the territory) such as elsewhere belongs to the sovereign alone.
a. In Count Palatine, Earl Palatine (Lord Palatine) Palatine: see count n.2 2 (also county n.2).
Count Palatine was sometimes used in 17th c. as = (English) Earl Palatine; but occurs in Eng. Hist. chiefly as the title of the Pfalzgraf, Palsgrave, or Count Palatine of the Rhine, and esp. of Frederick who married Elizabeth daughter of James I, ancestress of the Royal House of Great Britain, also called, as an elector of the German Empire, Elector Palatine, and sometimes Prince Palatine.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 237 b, Came to London Duke Frederyke of Bauyre Countye Palantyne or Palsgraue of the Ryne. c1580Bacon State Europe Wks. 1879 I. 367/1 The elector palatine Ludovic, a Lutheran; his chief abode is at Heidelberg. 1596Spenser State Irel. Wks. (Globe) 621/2 A Palsgrave..that is, an Earle Palentine. 1612Selden Illustr. Drayton's Poly-olb. xi. 181 William the Conqueror, first created one Hugh Wolfe a Norman, Count Palatine of Chester. 1612Harl. MS. 5176, lf. 212 [Ceremonial of the Marriage] On St. John day, the 27 of Decembre Frederick Count Palatin and Elector was affianced and contracted in the Banquetting House at White-hall, in the presence of the King sitting in state. 1640Yorke Union Hon. 106 Randolph, surnamed Blundevile..the sixth Earle Palatine of Chester. 1658Phillips s.v. Palatinate, One of the Electors of the Roman Empire called the Palsgrave, or Prince Palatine of the Rhene. 1684Scanderbeg Rediv. iii. 31 The Daughter of the Princess Pallatine. 1786W. Thomson Watson's Philip III (1839) 331 Frederick elector palatine, a prince young, high-spirited, and in power not inferior to any of the Protestants. 1818Byron Mazeppa viii, An angry man, ye may opine, Was he, the proud Count Palatine. 1900Lapsley County Pal. Durham 2 To-day the queen-empress is also countess palatine of Durham. Ibid. 218 n. 3 It was said by justice Newton that the lord palatine, in producing a vouchee was acting as the servant of the king's court (Yearbk. 19 Hen. VI Hil. 52).
b. In County Palatine, Palatine County: see county1 7; rarely used in sense of the (German) palatinate. Palatine earldom, the territory or dominion of an earl palatine = County Palatine.
1436Rolls of Parlt. IV. 497/2 The Justices of our saide Soveraigne Lorde of his Countee Palentyne. 1461Ibid. V. 478/2 That the Counte of Lancastr' be a Counte Palatyne. 1620Bacon Draught of Proclam. Wks. 1879 II. 118/2 Neither can we think it safe for us..that the county Palatine carrying with itself an electorate..should now become at the disposing of that house [of Austria]. 1639Charter of Maine in Baxter Sir F. Gorges (1890) II. 127 Together with.. as large and ample..Prerogatives Royalties Liberties..within the said province..as the Bishop of Durham within the Bishoprick or County Palatine of Durham. 1874Stubbs Const. Hist. I. xi. §124. 363 note, The first creation of a palatine earldom under that name is that of Lancaster in 1351.
c. Of or belonging to a count or earl palatine, or to a county palatine, or palatinate.
1638–9Laws Maryland in Archives of M. (1883) I. 48 The Lord Proprietarie shall he allowed all..the like prerogatives and Royall Rights as are usually or of right due or belonging to a Court Pallatine. 1824Galt Rothelan I. ii. x. 229 The rich palatine city of Durham. 1827Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) I. i. 7 In a few counties there still remained a palatine jurisdiction, exclusive of the king's courts. 1874Stubbs Const. Hist. I. xi. §124. 364 He [Roger Montgomery] also may have possessed palatine rights.
3. Of or belonging to the German Palatinate.
1644in Neal Hist. Purit. (1736) III. 222 His Grace has forgot his refusing to licence the Palatine Confession of Faith. 1695Lond. Gaz. No. 3139/3 The Palatin Troops are returned from the Upper Rhine. 1755Carte Hist. Eng. IV. 1 The Palatine alliance flattered James with the expectation of acquiring a mighty interest in Germany. 1768Chron. in Ann. Reg. 64/1 The elector..instituted a new order of knighthood, entitled the order of the Palatine-lion.
b. Of or pertaining to the palatines: see palatine1 B. 5.
1710Gov. R. Hunter in N.Y. Col. Docs. (1855) V. 165 We want still three of the Palatin Ships and those arrived are in a deplorable sickly condition.
B. n. [elliptical uses of the adj. (which began already in L.).]
I.
1. As proper name: short for Palatine Hill, Mons Palatinus, at Rome. (See palace n.1)
1656Blount Glossogr., Palatine,..may also be taken for the Hill Palatinus in Rome. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. I. 229 Of the Circus Maximus we can still trace the shape, in the hollow between the Palatine and Aventine.
II. Repr. L. palātīnus officer of the palace, and senses thence historically arising.
2. An officer of the imperial palace; orig. the chamberlain, the mayor or major of the palace; a chief minister of the empire.
1598R. Barckley Felic. Man (1631) 313 Constantine the Great..caused this proclamation to be made: If there be any..that assureth himself he can truly..prove anything against any of my Judges, Earles, Friends or Palatines,..let him come safely, and informe me. 1614Selden Titles Hon. 27 Publique Notaries are to bee made only by the Emperor, his Palatines, or such like. 1679E. Everard Prot. Princes Europe 28 The Election of a Palatine or Major of the Palace, who was the Consul and Head of the People.
b. Hence, by development of the authority delegated to such officers of the palace: A lord having sovereign power over a province or dependency of an empire or realm; a great feudatory; a vassal exercising royal privileges in his province.
Applied esp. in the Middle Ages to the rulers of Hungary, the great lords of Poland and Lithuania, Counts Palatine of Germany, Burgundy, etc.
1591Horsey Trav. (Hakl. Soc.) 260 To..stir up the kinge of Polland and greatest pallentines and princes of power in Littuania. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 73 Many other great Princes..namely,..Henry Palatine of Rhine,..with some others. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 402 Saros Patak, where the Palatine or Earle-marcher of that part of Hungaria, subject to Bethlen Gabor, usually keepes his residence. 1652J. Wright tr. Camus' Nat. Paradox i. 3 Certain great Officers, named Castellains and Palatines, who are little Sovereign Lords, or Petty Kings, every one in his own Territorie. 1681Nevile Plato Rediv. 157 Poland is both Governed and Possessed by some very great Persons or Potentates, called Palatines. 1693Mem. Cnt. Teckely i. 12 Francis Wesselini was then Palatine of the Kingdom [of Hungary]. 1710Whitworth Acc. Russia (1758) 32 Descended from their Waywodes, or Palatines. 1830Mrs. Opie 7 Dec. in Mem. (1854) xviii. 271 The costume of a Polish Palatine, who soon after entered. 1855Milman Lat. Chr. ix. ii. IV. 38/212 There were besides..Otho the palatine of Burgundy..the palgraves of Thuringia, Wittlesbach, and numberless other counts and nobles.
c. In England and Ireland: An earl palatine; the lord of a county palatine.
1612Davies Why Ireland, etc. (1787) 107 These absolute Palatines made Barons and Knights,..made their own judges,..so as the King's writ did not run in those counties. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. lxxi. (1739) 189 Divers men had Prisons to their own use; some as Palatines, others of Lords of Franchise, and others by power and usurpation. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. I. v. 322 The spiritual Palatine of Durham and the temporal Palatine of Chester stood alone in the possession of their extraordinary franchises.
†d. In some of the American Colonies, the title of the Lord Proprietor or senior Proprietor of the province. (Esp. in Carolina: see palatinate 1 b.) Obs. exc. Hist.
1669J. Locke Const. Carolina ii. in 33 Dep. Kpr. Rep. 258 The eldest of the lords proprietors shall be palatin, and upon y⊇ decease of y⊇ palatin y⊇ eldest of the seven surviving proprietors shall always succeed him. Ibid. xxvii. 261 Y⊇ Palatin's Court, consisting of y⊇ Palatine and y⊇ other seaven proprietors. 1707J. Archdale New Descr. Carolina 12. 1808 D. Ramsay Hist. S. Carolina I. ii. 31.
3. pl. In reference to the later Roman Empire: The troops of the palace; the prætorians.
c1630Drummond of Hawthornden Poems Wks. (1711) 26/2 With joyful cries The all triumphing palatines of skies Salute thy rising. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xvii. (1846) II. 36 From the reign of Constantine a popular and even legal distinction was admitted between the Palatines and the Borderers: the troops of the court, as they were improperly styled, and the troops of the frontier. 1788Ibid. xli. IV. 21 Belisarius was instructed..to compute the military force of palatines or borderers that might be sufficient for the defence of Africa.
†4. The territory ruled by a palatine; a county palatine or palatinate. Obs.
1586J. Hooker Hist. Irel. in Holinshed II. 142/1 He..vsed his authoritie to decide matters in and throughout the palantine of Kerrie. 1600J. Dymmok Ireland (1843) 18 This cuntry [Kerry] was a Pallatyne to the Erle of Desmond, the lyberties and royalties whereof..caused him to grow insolent aboue measure.
5. An inhabitant or native of a palatinate.
In quot. 1610, applied to inhabitants of Chester; in those from 1709 onwards, to the refugees from the Rhine Palatinate, in Great Britain and Ireland and the Colonies.
1610Chester's Tri. Ded. 3 We (poore Palatines) from our best hearts..object to thy eye, The fruit of rich Loues industrie. 1708Lond. Gaz. No. 4438/2, 10000 Palatines are order'd to march towards the Moselle. 1709in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 23 Thirty persons of the poor Pallatines. Ibid., The Pallatines lately receiv'd into this burrough. 1773Hist. Brit. Dom. N. Amer. ii. i. 70 The British Colonies have received many emigrant Palatines and Saltzburghers from Germany. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xx. IV. 485 It was idle, they said, to talk about the poor Huguenots or the poor Palatines.
III. 6. [a. F. palatine: so called (1676) from the Princess Palatine, wife of the Duke of Orleans: see Littré.] A fur tippet worn by women. Also palatine tippet.
1686Lond. Gaz. No. 2132/4 Lost.., a black laced Palatin with Diamond Tags upon black Ribon. a1687Cotton Scarron., æn. ii. (1692) 63 (D.) With top-knots fine to make 'em pretty, With tippet pallateen and settee. 1745Gentl. Mag. 54 An ordinance has been published at Copenhagen..prohibiting the wear of all ribbons, palatines, womens hand⁓kerchiefs, &c...imported from abroad. 1835Court Mag. VI. p. vi/1 A sable palatine tippet..should be worn with this dress for the promenade. 1880L. B. Walford Troublesome Daughters II. xvi. 72 Had not Mademoiselle..permitted Bertha to accompany her and Fräulein Lebrunn to purchase their new muffs and palatines?
▪ II. palatine, a.2 and n.2|ˈpælətaɪn, -ɪn|
[a. F. palatin, -ine (Cotgr. 1611), f. L. palāt-um palate.]
A. adj.
1. Anat., etc. Of or belonging to the palate; situated in or upon the palate.
1656[see 2]. 1720Hale in Phil. Trans. XXXI. 7 These Glands..receive different Names, according to the Part they belong to; as Labial, Buccal, Palatine. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 354 Anguis,..no palatine teeth. 1881Mivart Cat 73 The maxilla sends inwards a large horizontal process called the palatine plate.
b. Produced by malformation of the palate.
1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 429 The obscure palatine voice..can only be assisted by filling up the fissure in the palate with a silver plate.
†2. Phonetics. = palatal A. 2. Obs.
1656Blount Glossogr., Palatine, of or belonging to the Palate. Hence, Palatine letters are such as are pronounced by the help of the Palate, as G.T.R. etc. 1711J. Greenwood Eng. Gram. 286 Guttural, Palatine and Labial sounds. 1773Ld. Monboddo Language (1774) I. iii. xiv. 675 In Greek, γ, κ, ξ, χ..are all palatine consonants.
B. n.
1. Anat. (pl.) Short for palatine bones: The two bones, right and left, which form the hard palate.
1854Owen Skel. & Teeth in Circ. Sc., Organ. Nat. I. 178 The pleurapophyses..are called ‘palatines’. 1878Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 461 In front of the pterygoid lie the palatines.
†2. Phonetics. = palatal B. 2. Obs.
1696Wallis's Acc. Pass. Life in Hearne's R. Brunne (1725) App. i. to Pref. 166 Some letters were Labials, some Dentals, some Palatines, and some Gutturals. 1776J. Richardson Arabic Gram. 8. 1822–34 Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 434 The consonants..gutturals, compounds, palatines, dentals, and labials. |