| 释义 |
ˈpaddle-ˌwheel
[See paddle n.1 3.]
1. A wheel used for propelling a boat or ship: as originally tried, consisting of or having a series of paddles or paddle-like spokes inserted in an axle, drum, or wheel, whence the name; but, eventually, having floats or paddle-boards fitted more or less radially round the circumference, so as to press backward like a succession of paddles against the water. These wheels rotate on a horizontal axis, so that only the lower paddle-boards are under water; they are generally arranged in pairs one on each side of the vessel; in river-steamers, sometimes single and placed in the stern.
Petty called his suggested wheel with actual paddles a ‘paddle-wheel’, but the term was app. avoided by the inventors and theorists of the 18th c., who wrote simply of ‘the wheel’, ‘water-wheel’, ‘rowing-wheel’, ‘revolving oars’, etc. And at the eventual employment of the wheel with float-boards instead of paddles, the name ‘paddle-wheel’ was at first felt to be inappropriate, but it gradually came in after 1815.
1685Petty in Fitzmaurice Life (1895) iv. 122 To make this Axis and the Paddle wheels turn round, so as the Paddles may take hold of the water in the nature of Oars one after another successively. Ibid. 123 The men betwixt decks heaving one way, the men on the upper deck must heave the other way, to give the Axis and Paddle wheels motion. 1805O. Evans Yng. Steam Eng. Guide p. viii, To propel a boat against the stream the paddlewheel may be attached to the shaft of the flywheel. [1808Specif. Trevithick & Dickinson's Patent No. 3148 A rowing wheel..furnished with floats or pallets, but which we call our propelling boards.] 1815Specif. of Dickinson's Patent No. 3932 A more efficient method of applying the power or strength of men to turn paddle wheels fixed on the sides..of ships, boats. 1824R. Stuart Hist. Steam Engine 83 Mr. Jonathan Hulls..is entitled to the honourable notice of having proposed [1736] the application of paddle-wheels moved by a Steam Engine, to propel ships, instead of wind and sails. 1840Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) XX. 687/1 In this boat he [Jonathan Hulls] had two paddle-wheels suspended in a frame projecting from its stern. 1841T. Oxley in Mech. Mag. XXXV. 72 Sir Joseph [Banks] and I both called them oars, or revolving oars; I believe the word ‘paddle-wheel’ was not known at that time [1808]. 1868A. K. H. Boyd Less. Mid. Age 329 The frith..is to-day unruffled by a single paddle-wheel. 1897Daily News 23 Sept. 5/3 The old paddle⁓wheel is already, for regular and rapid service, doomed.
attrib.1857G. M. Musgrave Pilgr. Dauphiné II. i. 22 The Saone is..the most favourable to paddle-wheel locomotion. 1863P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 275 The celebrated Vladimir, so well known during the Crimean war, a paddle⁓wheel boat, and remarkably swift. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1592/2 On the axis of each paddle is an arm from which a rod proceeds to an eccentric on the paddle-wheel shaft.
2. A wheel fitted with paddles (paddle n.1 7) used to keep skins in constant motion in water, in the manufacture of leather, and in similar processes.
1883Haldane Workshop Receipts Ser. ii. 373/1 The skins..are..finally brought into a tank of water, not too cold, and kept in constant motion with a paddle-wheel.
3. A device shaped like the wheel of a paddle-boat, used in a game of chance.
1926Ade Let. 26 Oct. (1973) 114 We had games as follows: one roulette, one hazard,..one wheel of fortune for cash, one paddle wheel for fancy baskets, dolls, boxes of candy etc. 1935Sun (Baltimore) 22 July 7/4 Operation of paddle wheels, bingo devices and other alleged games of chance would no longer be tolerated. 1939Ibid. 24 Apr. 18/1 Prince George's county..secured passage of a measure that would legalize not only pinball games, but bingo, paddle wheels and other similar devices. 1961J. Scarne Compl. Guide Gambling xix. 459 Paddle wheel or raffle wheel, a carnival wheel each of whose numbered sections contain one, two, or three numbers. Most such wheels have a counter laydown raffle chart on which bets are placed.
4. attrib. † paddle-wheel aeroplane or aircraft = cyclogiro, -gyro s.v. cyclo-.
1935Technical Rep. Aeronaut. Res. Committee 1933–34 I. 8 We have also considered a number of proposals for the construction of..paddlewheel aeroplanes. 1939Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLIII. 756 Unusual aircraft such as flapping wing aircraft, paddle wheel aircraft, tail-first aeroplanes. |