| 释义 |
▪ I. resin
obs. f. raisin; var. reason n.2
▪ II. resin, n.|ˈrɛzɪn|
Forms: 4 recyn(e, reysen, 4–6 resyn, 6–8 resine, 8– resin (9 rezin).
[ad. F. résine, ad. L. rēsīna (Sp., Pg., and It. resina), cogn. with Gr. ῥητίνη. See also rosin.]
1. a. A vegetable product, formed by secretion in special canals in almost all trees and plants, from many of which (as the fir and pine) it exudes naturally, or can be readily obtained by incision; various kinds are extensively used in making varnishes or adhesive compositions, and in pharmacy. (Cf. gum-resin and oleo-resin.)
1388Wyclif Jer. viii. 22 Whether resyn is not in Galaad? Ibid. li. 8 Take ȝe recyn to the sorewe therof. c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 225 Do þer to pouder recles, of resyn, & a party of virgyne wex, & boile hyt wel. 1538Leland Itin. (1769) V. 91 The Wood of them in Burning savorith of Resine. 1744Berkeley Siris §18 A good pine might be made to yield resin every year. 1807J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 27 Here we find in appropriate vessels the resin of the Fir and Juniper. 1843Holtzapffel Turning I. 30 In many of the more dense woods, we..find an abundance of gum or resin. 1876Harley Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 409 Resin possesses the valuable quality of adhesiveness, and it is also slightly stimulant.
b. With a and pl. A particular kind of resin.
1801Med. Jrnl. V. 366 Benzoic acid has been hitherto found in no other vegetable substance, except resins and balsams. 1837M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II. 349 The aromatic portion of ginger is a resin, which constitutes about one tenth of the whole root. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 185 Resins are abundant, e.g. in the Euphorbias, and in Opium.
2. A resinous precipitate obtained by special treatment of certain vegetable products; a similar substance obtained from the bile of animals.
1681tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Resine, a chymical extraction of several druggs so called, being in substance like to rosine or resine. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 29 The Resin or Magistery of Jalap is made with Spirit of Wine. 1826Henry Elem. Chem. I. 401 The resin of bile may be obtained by the following process... Berzelius, however,..denies that it is a true resin. 1880J. W. Legg Bile 2 He also separated a resin or fat, to which he attributed in chief the colour and taste of the bile.
3. Any synthetic material resembling a natural resin; now usu. any of a large and varied class of synthetic organic polymeric materials (solid or liquid) that are thermosetting or thermoplastic (see also quot. 1934) and are used esp. as plastics or their chief ingredients. Freq. with qualifying adj. or n., esp. synthetic.
1883Amer. Chem. Jrnl. V. 338 Concentrated sulphuric acid on a mixture of benzoic aldehyde and resorcin gave a reddish resin. 1909Chem. Abstr. III. 1818 Process of manufacturing synthetic resins as substitutes for shellac, consisting in treating o-cresol with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid. 1934Chem. Rev. XV. 123 The resinous plastic field may well be divided into two main divisions dependent upon properties which find reflection in use. (1) The resins, which are melted for flow and cooled for hardening into the finished shape... (2) The resinoids, which in molding are heated for flow and also heated for hardening effect. 1937Discovery Jan. 27/2 A new series of synthetic resins, claimed to be as clear as optical glass and to be..non⁓shattering,..is being marketed in the United States. 1943, etc. [see ion exchange]. 1951Engineering 20 Apr. 469/3 The setting of synthetic-resin glues by high frequency heating. 1957Which? Autumn 20/2 The actual processing of these fabrics consists of various ways of putting the resin in under heat and pressure. 1970Gait & Hancock Plastics & Synthetic Rubbers iii. 60 Production of phenolic resins is still increasing. 1973Materials & Technol. VI. i. 86 Much imported and all British-made plywood is manufactured with synthetic resin adhesives of one type or other. 1976McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 182/1 Probably the cheapest resin to use for plastic bottles is polystyrene.
4. a. attrib. and Comb., as resin acid, resin candle, † resin gum, resin lac, resin-oil, resin-pot, resin soap, resin-wax; resin-based, resin-bonded, resin-finished, resin-scented, resin-tipped, resin-treated adjs.; † resinasphalt, = retinasphalt; resin-bush, a South African shrub (see quot.); resin-flux, an excessive flow of resin, occurring as a disease in pine-trees; resin gas, illuminating gas made from resin; resin opal, a variety of opal (see quot.); resin-plant (see quot.); resin-weed, = rosin-weed.
1892Photogr. Ann. II. 77 Rectified turpentine should always be used, since the crude oil contains *resin acids, formic acid, etc.
1811Pinkerton Petral. I. 595 In the strata of this substance, Mr. Hatchet also observed small masses approaching to the nature of the lignite of Cologne, and which he called resinasphaltum, or *resinasphalt.
1959Times 3 Mar. 7/7 *Resin-based paint.
1940‘Plastes’ Plastics in Industry x. 147 Not only have a number of private houses been built of *resin-bonded plywood, but also several garages and petrol stations. 1959Engineering 16 Jan. 86/1 This year there are in evidence still more hulls either moulded or sheathed in resin-bonded glass fibre. 1978Lancashire Life Oct. 125/2 Birchwood ply used for work tops, resin-bonded and waterproofed particle board, steel runners with nylon bearings, [etc.].
1866Treas. Bot. 479/2 Euryops speciosissimus is called *Resin⁓bush by the colonists, because of a gummy exudation often seen on the stem and leaves.
1849James Woodman vii, Neither lamp nor taper, nor even a common *resin candle, gave light within.
1963A. J. Hall Textile Sci. v. 231 It also has the effect of making the *resin-finished fabric tear more easily.
1887Garnsey & Balfour tr. De Bary's Comp. Morph. Fungi 384 The symptoms of disease which precede death in fir-trees are known as ‘*resin-flux’ (‘Harzsticken, Harzüberfülle’). Note, The word resin-flux is therefore introduced as indicating a prominent symptom of the disease, although it is not an exact rendering of the German terms.
1836–41Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 556 *Resin Gas. 1856Orr's Circ. Sci., Pract. Chem. 516 The liquor which is produced by the compression of resin-gas.
1382Wyclif Jer. li. 8 Taketh *recyne gumme to his sorewe.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 1097 The Hindus from time immemorial have possessed the *resin lac.
1856Orr's Circ. Sci., Pract. Chem. 518 Seven and a quarter gallons of *resin-oil.
1868Dana Min. (ed. 5) 198 *Resin opal (Wachsopal, Pechopal, Germ.), wax-, honey- to ochre-yellow, with a resinous lustre.
1884Miller Plant-n. 115/1 *Resin-plant, Carana, Bursera acuminata.
1890E. H. Barker Wayfaring France 40 The earthen *resin-pots fixed to the pines.
1937J. Betjeman Continual Dew 11 Drained dark the pines in *resin-scented rain.
1875Ure's Dict. Arts III. 850 Manufacture of Yellow or *Resin Soap.
1922Joyce Ulysses 653 A pyre of crosslaid *resintipped sticks.
1962J. T. Marsh Self-Smoothing Fabrics i. 5 It was soon observed that the *resin-treated fabrics possess certain properties in addition to ‘crease-resistance’.
1891Anthony's Phot. Bull. IV. 299 Bringing their undersides in contact with the *resin-wax cement.
1852L. B. MacKinnon Atlantic & Transatlantic Sk. I. 268, I found that he had spoken the truth, and that the *resin grass, or weed, had peculiar leaves which always grew in the same direction. 1869Parkman Discov. Gt. West xvii. (1875) 206 The meadows..spangled with the yellow blossoms of the resin-weed and the Rudbeckia.
b. attrib., in terms denoting vessels in plants that contain resin secreted by cells lining them, as resin canal, resin duct, resin passage, resin reservoir.
1854Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. X. ii. 4 In form the amber is either like drops,..or as the casts of resin-ducts and cavities. 1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sach's Bot. 77 The origin of resin and gum passages depends also on the formation of inter⁓cellular passages. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 357 In the angle of the Y lies a resin-canal. Ibid. 441 Among the Coniferæ all investigated species..have resin-passages or resin-reservoirs. 1896W. R. Fisher tr. Schlich's Man. Forestry V. 14 Turpentine is chiefly found in the resin-ducts. 1924W. S. Jones Timbers iv. 24 The presence of resin canals in dicotyledonous woods is, as in the case of Conifers, of considerable diagnostic value. Ibid. v. 30 Resin ducts are usually absent from the wood of many genera of Conifers. 1938H. E. Desch Timber ii. 20 Resin canals run vertically in the stem and horizontally in the rays, and are just large enough to be seen with the naked eye. 1967N. T. Mirov Genus Pinus vii. 486 When the pine is wounded, the resin canals are severed. The oleoresin, squeezed from the epithelial cells into the resin canals, may be gathered in receptacles attached below the wound.
▪ III. resin, v.|ˈrɛzɪn|
[f. prec.]
trans. To rub or treat with resin.
1865Spohr's Autobiog. II. 69 The bow, which she had previously resined. 1899B. Harraden Fowler 225 He resined his bow, and began. |