| 释义 |
▪ I. residence, n.1|ˈrɛzɪdəns|
Forms: 4 residense, 5 resydennce, 6 reci-, resi-, resydens, reci-, resydence, 4– residence.
[a. F. résidence, = Prov. residensa, Sp. and Pg. residencia, It. residenza, -zia, ad. L. residentia: see reside v.1 and -ence.]
1. a. to have († hold, keep, or make) one's residence, to have one's usual dwelling-place or abode; to reside. to take up one's residence, to establish oneself; to settle.
c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 107 In lanes blinde, Wher as these robbours and these theves by kynde Holden here prive ferful residence. 1535Lyndesay Satyre 574, I haue maid my residence With hie Princes of greit puissance. 1585Reg. Privy Council Scot. III. 747 The parrochynnis quhair they wer borne or had thair cheiff residence. 1649Alcoran 405 The Heaven, where God kept his residence. 1667Milton P.L. i. 734 Many a Towred structure high, Where Scepter'd Angels held thir residence. 1788Priestley Lect. Hist. v. xxxvi. 263 The arts and sciences took up their residence..at Rome. 1794S. Williams Vermont (1809) I. 98 In these [forests] a great variety and number of animals had their residence. 1833Cruse tr. Eusebius iv. xi. 139 He also had his residence at Rome.
b. So to have (etc.) residence.
c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 138 Whan foure steedys of Phebus goldene chare, List in this regioun holde residence. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 179 Hit was not conueniente an Emperoure to kepe residence where thapostles crownede kepede the principate. 1508Dunbar Poems vii. 30 Welcum..Withe us to liue, and to maik recidence. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. ii. iii. 24 Within the infant rind of this weake flower Poyson hath residence, and medicine power. 1622Fletcher Sea-Voy. ii. ii, What place is this? Sure something more than human keeps residence here. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 999, I upon my Frontieres here Keep residence. 1833Chalmers Const. Man (1835) I. 72 Virtue..has had everlasting residence in the nature of the Godhead.
c. The circumstance or fact of having one's permanent or usual abode in or at a certain place; the fact of residing or being resident.
148010th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 315 No manere freman..shall dwell..without the citie by no contynuell resydennce. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lvii. 4 Men makis in court thair solistationis:..Sum be continewale residence. 1602Shakes. Ham. ii. ii. 343 How chances it they trauaile? their residence both in reputation and profit was better both wayes. 1652Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 479 Then they were glad to invite our Merchant's Residence with what privileges they would desire. 1714R. Fiddes Pract. Disc. ii. 341 There was one special and standing monument of his residence among them. 1790in Dallas Amer. Law Rep. I. 243 There is an essential difference between residence and abiding in a particular place. 1821Scott Kenilw. vii, That he should move their sovereign to honour Woodstock occasionally with her residence during her royal progresses. 1860Woolsey Introd. Internat. Law iv. (1879) 132 Ambassadors in ancient times were sent on special occasions by one nation to another. Their residence at foreign courts is a practice of modern growth. 1883Cent. Mag. Oct. 858/1 The next center of fashionable residence was Blucker street.
transf.1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth i. (1723) 74 Those Parts..had been formerly in the Possession of the Sea, and the Place of its natural Residence. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 43 The marine shells..demonstrate the former residence of the sea upon the mountains.
d. Anthrop. The place in which it is customary for a couple to settle after marriage, according to the prevailing kinship system. Also attrib. Cf. matrilocal a., neolocal a., etc.
1865J. F. McLennan Primitive Marriage viii. 154 Teadhloch and cuedichc.., Gaelic names for family, mean the first having a common residence; the second those who eat together. 1889E. B. Tylor in Jrnl. Anthrop. Inst. XVIII. 247 Now, on looking out from the schedules the adhesions of this avoidance-custom, a relation appears between it and the customs of the world as to residence after marriage. 1924W. H. Rivers Social Organisation v. 90 The last aspect of father-right and mother-right to be mentioned..is one with which perhaps I ought to have dealt in the second chapter, namely, the place of residence in case of marriage. 1938G. A. Riechard in F. Boas Gen. Anthrop. ix. 421 Among primitives residence is of even greater importance. 1968Jacobson & Schoepf tr. Levi-Strauss's Structural Anthrop. xv. 309 The impact of residence on descent. 1972E. A. Hoebel Anthrop. (ed. 4) xxi. 427/2 There are, then, five basic varieties of residence. Ibid., It is not a simple..matter as to whether a given household represents one kind of residence pattern or another.
2. The fact of living or staying regularly at or in some place for the discharge of special duties, or to comply with some regulation; also, the period during which such stay is required of one. Now freq. in phrase in residence.
a. Eccl., with ref. to the presence of incumbents in their benefices, canons in their cathedrals, etc.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 493 No persone ne vicare ne prelate is excusud fro personele residense to be made in þer beneficys. c1444Lydg. in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 217 Avaunsyd persownys holde residence Among ther parysshens. c1449Pecock Repr. iii. xix. 406 In the oold tyme the bischop and hise preestis..helden residence in the modir chirche. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 188 For lacke of residence..all y⊇ parishioners lacked preaching. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 1664/2 He departed from Lichefield to a benefice in Leycester shyre,..wherupon he keepyng residence, taught diligently. 1632Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 105 With the Spanish Divines he holdeth residence de jure divino, but if they erred in anything it was about personall residence. 1699Gale Let. in Pepys' Mem. (1828) V. 255 My residence determines tomorrow, because my last sermon could not be made till then, though the eating residence terminated a few days ago. 1803Syd. Smith Wks. (1867) I. 48 As exceptions to the general and indisputable principle of residence. 1845Wilberforce in Ashwell Life (1879) I. vii. 283, I wish I was in residence to play the host to you. 1892Kitchin Compotus Rolls St. Swithun's Priory Introd. 3 The Canon in Residence..actually gave orders that the Rolls..should be thrown into the fire.
fig.1647Fuller Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 150 It were liberty enough, if for the next seven years all sermons were bound to keep residence on this text: Brethren, love one another.
b. In other connexions, as with ref. to colleges or universities, electoral rights, etc. Used spec. with reference to a residential post held by an artist, poet, sculptor, writer, etc., within a community or institution for the purpose of teaching his craft or influencing communal life. Also transf. (freq. joc.). Cf. also poet-in-residence (poet 1 e).
1584–5Extr. Burgh Rec. Glasgow (1876) I. 116 The tuelf puir men of the said hospitall sall mak residence.
1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. viii. II. 275 The connection between the scholar and the school did not terminate with his residence. 1867T. C. Anstey Notes Repr. People Act 66 ‘Residence’ was required in certain cases, but not in others. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Org. iv. 109 The head is usually bound to residence during term. Ibid. v. 315 The ‘residence’ of an undergraduate student is now considered to be 168 days out of 365. 1896Academy 18 Jan. 56/1 At Oxford residence will not be resumed until the end of next week. 1954R. Jarrell Pictures from Institution iii. 94 How glad Dr. Rosenbaum was that he was only a Composer in Residence. 1965Economist 30 Oct. 499/2 Its money will also be used..to help symphony orchestras and support artists-in-residence at universities. 1968Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 30 Apr. (1970) 667 He [sc. Eric Hoffer] said, ‘I call myself a conversationalist in residence.’ 1970Times 16 Apr. 8/5 No girls throwing smoke in our eyes at last night's Gold Leaf concert..instead a tame composer, a ‘composer in residence’... Peter Patterson..is the lucky man commissioned to write pieces. 1972W. King Black Short Story Anthol. 133 She [sc. Alice Walker] is presently writer-in-residence at Tougaloo College,..Mississippi. 1975New Yorker 5 May 45/3 An artist-in-residence at WNET's Television Laboratory and a consultant on television to the Rockefeller Foundation. 1976C. Bermant Coming Home i. v. 70 A few weeks later, a Jewish boy was billeted on us... I'm not sure if I welcomed it, for I had begun to enjoy my role as Jew in residence. 1979Guardian 27 June 8/3 (Advt.), Photographer in Residence required... There are no specific teaching commitments but the photographer will be expected to participate in the life of the centre and be available to students and others on an informal basis. 1980Early Music Gaz. Apr. 8 (Advt.), Lessons in solo and ensemble performance are conducted by an artist-in-residence each semester.
†3. Continuance in some course or action. with residence, with insistence. Obs.
c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 164 The chief of foolis,..And able in his foly to hold residence. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 862 In þe bischope presence Þus cuthbert prayed with residence. a1602W. Perkins Cases Consc. (1619) 23 Men are not simply condemned for their particular sinnes, but for their continuance and residence in them. 1609Tourneur Funeral Poem Sir F. Vere 137 And in the due performance of her Lawes His favours had their constant residence.
†4.
a. to make residence, to stay at or in a place for a certain time. Sc. Obs.
c1470Gol. & Gaw. 503 In his avne presence Heir sall I mak residence. c1500Lancelot 670 If that I mak abid or resydens In to o place langar than o nycht. 1571Reg. Privy Council Scot. II. 81 The Lordis of Counsell makis na residence in Sessioun for deciding upoun the saidis lettres of advocatioun. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. ix. 206 Quhen the king thrie days thair had maid recidence.., the fourt day he returnis quhairfra he cam.
†b. without residence, without delay or tarrying. Obs. rare.
c1500Lancelot 2359 Sche gart bryng, withouten Recidens, With grete effere this knycht to hir presens. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 976 Thay bad me pas withoutin residence, Vnto the ten Sibillais of science. 1584–7Greene Carde of Fancie Wks. (Grosart) IV. 24 He trauailed by the space of seauen weekes without anie residence, vntill he came to a Citie called Barutta.
5. a. The place where one resides; one's dwelling-place; the abode of a person (esp. one of some rank or distinction). (of) no fixed residence = (of) no fixed abode s.v. abode n.1 5. ? Obs.
[1508Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 424 Quhen that the ravyns sall ryve out bath thine ene, And on the rattis salbe thy residence.] 1595Shakes. John ii. i. 284 All those soules, That to their euerlasting residence, Before the dew of euening fall, shall fleete. 1634Milton Comus 947 Not many furlongs thence Is your Fathers residence. 1654–66Earl of Orrery Parthen. (1676) 31 That place, the then Residence of Altezeera. 1705Addison Italy 251 Caprea,..a Place that had been the Retirement of Augustus for some time, and the Residence of Tiberius for several Years. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xxxi. III. 199 One thousand seven hundred and eighty houses, the residence of wealthy and honourable citizens. 1859Times 1 Feb. 9/5 Robert Murry, 35, and Johanna Murry, 28, described as husband and wife, and travelling ventriloquists of no fixed residence, were charged with attacking and robbing Robert Hobbs on the highway of a purse containing a 5l. Bank of England note. 1863W. Hardman Let. (1925) ? 24 Aug. 72 His books were curious, inasmuch as the customers had no fixed residences. 1879S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Pal. iv. 67 His residence was both Palace and Temple. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 513 Every dangerous place in West Africa is regarded as the residence of a god.
transf.1593Shakes. Rich. II, ii. i. 119 Chasing the Royall blood With fury, from his natiue residence. 1615Crooke Body of Man 429 The vpper Region or the Head wherein the soule hath her Residence of estate, guarded by the Sences. 1667Milton P.L. viii. 346 Understand the same Of Fish within thir watry residence. 1863E. V. Neale Anal. Th. & Nat. 196 The regulative will, or soul,..has no special residence within the brain.
b. A dwelling, abode, house, esp. one of a superior kind; a mansion.
1603Shakes. Meas. for M. v. i. 13 It deserues..A forted residence 'gainst the tooth of time. 1784Cowper Task v. 157 Nor wanted aught within, That royal residence might well befit, For grandeur or for use. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho i, Considerable additions were necessary to make it a comfortable family residence. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 365 A residence was assigned him at Bithur.
†c. A settlement (of traders). Obs. rare.
1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 36 At the North-west end the English Merchants haue a residence. [1890Gross Gild Merch. I. 156 In 1687 one of the principal ‘residences’ or marts of the Company was at Hamburgh.]
d. = residency 3.
1889Dublin Rev. Jan. 166 The inhabitants dress differently in this residence from what they do in other parts of Java.
e. [tr. Russ. residentura.] A group or organization of intelligence agents in a foreign country.
1969H. H. Cooper Cave with Two Exits i. 69 In Rome he was met by a young man from the Residence... The Resident himself..was extremely secure... His cover was strictly diplomatic.
6. fig. The (or a) seat of power, liberty, etc.
1642Milton Apol. Smect. Wks. 1851 III. 297 To call that inviolable residence of justice and liberty, by such an odious name. 1781Cowper Truth 387 The blest residence of truth divine. 1789Brand Hist. Newcastle II. 218 The free cities of Italy; the very early residences of trade and manufactures. 1827Scott Napoleon xlvi. Wks. 1870 XIII. 138 The residence of the supreme authority,..the..Junta.
7. a. The time during which one resides in or at a place.
1683Dryden Life Plutarch in P.'s Lives (1700) I. 66 He was intrusted also with the management of publick affairs in the empire during his residence in the metropolis. 1777W. Dalrymple Trav. Sp. & Port. cli, There was no representation during my residence. 1841Myers Cath. Th. iii. 67 The Jews lost..their spoken language..during their comparatively short residence in Babylon.
b. A period of residing; a stay.
1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 378 During a residence of four months that I stay'd at Court. 1857Gen. Nicholson in Smiles Charac. iii. (1876) 73, I was always the better for a residence with him and his wife. 1871Hare Walks in Rome I. Introd. 11 It must not..be supposed that one short residence at Rome will be sufficient to make a foreigner acquainted with all its varied treasures.
8. attrib., as residence address, residence house, residence part, residence permit, residence room, residence time, etc.; residence city [tr. G. residenzstadt], a seat of a royal or princely court; cf. Residenz; residence counsellor U.S., a psychiatric adviser attached to a residential block in a university; residence general [tr. F. résidence générale], the official residency of the senior French representative in a French protectorate.
1890‘Mark Twain’ Lett. to Publishers (1967) 264, I do not know your *residence-address or Whitford's.
1961L. Mumford City in Hist. xiii. 386 The chief new cities built from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century were ‘*residence cities’ for kings and princes, like Versailles, Karlsruhe, and Potsdam.
1973Pennsylvania Voice 10 Oct. 5/1 A *residence counselor who has been dealing with a student may feel that he is not properly equipped to help the student resolve his problem.
1955Times 9 May 8/4 The crowd..had tried to break into the *residence-general.
1838Act 1 & 2 Vict. c. 23 §7 Where the *Residence House.., and Appurtenances belonging to any Benefice shall be inconveniently situate [etc.].
1889Cent. Mag. July 374/2 The *residence parts of the town.
1962Guardian 14 Aug. 1/7 Bishop Roseveare was given the letter informing of the cancellation of his *residence permit. 1977Times 16 Apr. 12/7 Herr Klee got a job..which clinched his residence permit.
1887Pall Mall G. 19 July 16/1 The *residence rooms will be so designed and furnished as [etc.].
1895Outing XXVII. 183/2 She led him by the most imposing buildings and through the finest *residence streets.
1962A. Battersby Guide to Stock Control viii. 76 With an average stock of 200 tons and annual sales of 1,200 tons, the *residence time is 2 months. The more commonly used ‘turnover’ is 6 times a year, which is the reciprocal of the residence time. 1969Gloss. Terms Vacuum Technol. (B.S.I.) 13 Residence time, the average time for which a molecule is bound to a surface in a state of sorption. 1977Sci. Amer. May 23/2 The period of time a particular amount of water spends in its cycle is termed its residence time... Deep in the oceans the residence time of a body of water may be more than 1,000 years. 1978Nature 20 July 246/1 The concept of oceanic residence time has been used widely in marine chemistry; element residence times range from 108 to
1883Cent. Mag. July 335/2 Titusville..is the favourite *residence town of prosperous brokers.
▪ II. † residence, n.2 Obs.
Also 6 resyd-, 7 recid-.
[ad. L. type *resīdentia, f. resīdĕre reside v.2: see -ence.]
1. That which settles as a deposit; sediment. (Very common in 17th c.)
1541Elyot Cast. Helthe iv. i, Whan there appereth in the uryne a resydence lyght and whyte. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. 32, I may not here omit to commend the..residence and groundes of all Channels,..Rivers and Ditches. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. (1650) 132 Wherein beside a terreous residence some salt is also found. 1684–5Boyle Min. Waters 71 The Spontaneous residence, if I may so call it, that the Liquor lets fall by meer standing.
pl.1662Merrett tr. Neri's Art of Glass xxxviii, Powder the dregs and residences of the Aqua-fortis. 1684–5Boyle Min. Waters 90 To take notice of the Residences of many of the Mineral Waters of France.
b. The residuum or deposit left after any chemical process.
1560Whitehorne Ord. Souldiours (1588) 30 b, If the pouder bee good, you shall see them all to fire at ones; so that there shall be no residence remaining. 1658R. White tr. Digby's Powd. Symp. (1660) 122 Cause it to be boyled untill it come to an evaporation and see its residence.
c. Remains, leavings. rare—1.
c1550H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture in Babees Bk. (1868) 80 Put you your trenchour in the same, and all your resydence.
2. The settling of sediment in liquids.
1600Surflet Countrie Farme vi. iv. 734 Vntill such time as the earth haue made his perfect residence and setling in the bottome of the glasse. 1626Bacon Sylva §302 Separation..is wrought by Weight; as in the ordinary Residence or Settlement of Liquors. 1684tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. viii. 303 Boil the Colature, defæcated by residence to half.
▪ III. † ˈresidence, v. Obs. rare.
[f. residence n.1]
(Meaning obscure.)
1608W. Sclater Malachy (1650) 47 Wherein the Prophet even residenceth the speeches of these hypocriticall Jews. 1611― Key (1629) 229 He shewes that these things were, in many, but vaine bragges; residencing their vaine boasting fitly to the fashion of our people. |