| 释义 |
▪ I. overslaugh, n.|ˈəʊvəslɔː|
Also 8 -slagh, -slaw.
[ad. Du. overslag, f. overslaan (see next); or (in sense 1) from the Eng. vb.]
1. Mil. The passing over of one's ordinary turn of duty in consideration of being required for a duty which takes precedence of it.
1772T. Simes Milit. Guide Dict. s.v., The three blanks [in a form of Roster] shew where the overslaghs take effect. 1777― Milit. Course 25 The Nature of a Table for Overslaghs. c1785J. Williamson Elem. Milit. Arrangemt. II. Notes 51 In a roster, therefore, of eight columns, the smaller corps will be allowed two overslaughs. (This overslaugh is a Dutch expression signifying to leap, or skip over.) 1802in James Milit. Dict. 1859Musketry Instr. Army 8. 1868 Regul. & Ord. Army ⁋837 When an Officer's tour of duty comes along with other duties, he is detailed for that duty which has the precedence, and he is to receive an overslaugh for any other duties. 1901King's Regulations ⁋243 When an officer is on duty, he will receive an ‘overslaugh’ for all other duties which may come to his turn.
fig.1857Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. (1858) I. xiii. 45 In something of this kind it is, that the Working Classes should look for what soldiers call their ‘overslaugh’, or compensation for extra duty done.
2. U.S. A bar or sand-bank which impedes the navigation of a river; spec. that on the Hudson River below Albany.
1776C. Carroll Jrnl. Miss. Canada in B. Mayer Mem. (1845) 42 Having passed the overslaw, had a distinct view of Albany. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 479 Ship navigation to Albany is interrupted by a number of islands, 6 or 8 miles below the city, called the Overslaugh. 1860Bartlett Dict. Amer., Overslaugh. A bar, in the marine language of the Dutch. The overslaugh in the Hudson river, near Albany, on which steamboats and other vessels often run aground, is, I believe, the only locality to which this term is now applied among us.
▪ II. overslaugh, v.|ˈəʊvəslɔː|
[ad. Du. overslaan to pass over, omit, pass by, f. over- over- 5 + slaan to strike; Ger. überschlagen.]
1. trans. To pass over, skip, omit.
a. Mil. To pass over, skip, or remit the ordinary turn of duty of an officer, a company, etc., in consideration of his (or its) being detailed on that day for a duty which takes precedence.
The officer does the higher duty, and skips his turn for the lower, which is taken by him whose turn comes next.
1768T. Simes Milit. Dict. [not in ed. 1, 1766] Overslagh, originally derived form the Dutch language, signifies to skip over. For instance, suppose four battalions [etc.]..If, in the Buffs, the second Captain is doing duty of Deputy-adjutant-general, and the fourth and seventh Captain in the King's are acting, one as Aid-de-Camp, the other as Brigade-major, the common duty of these three Captains must be overslaghed; that is, equally divided among the other captains. A sketch of the table formed for this purpose may..help still further to explain the term overslagh. 1777― Milit. Course 128 Captain C...having leave of absence is overslaghed. 1779in Capt. G. Smith Milit. Dict. 1802in James Milit. Dict.
b. U.S. To pass over in favour of another, as in nomination to an office; also, generally, to pass over, omit consideration of, ignore.
1846in N. York Com. Adv. 21 Oct. (Bartlett), It was found that public opinion would not be reconciled to overslaughing Taylor, and he was nominated. 1848N. York Courier & Enq. Oct. (ibid.), The attempt to overslaugh officers entitled to rank in the highest grade in the service, is about to be repeated in a somewhat different way in a lower grade. 1881Contemp. Rev. Mar. 434 The other [province] is so small that it is tempted to pursue an obstructive course..to prevent its being overslaughed altogether.
2. To stop the course or progress of, to bar, obstruct, hinder. [Cf. overslaugh n. 2.]
1864Webster, Overslaugh... To hinder or stop, as by an overslaugh or unexpected impediment; as, to overslaugh a bill in a legislative body, that is, to hinder or stop its passage by some opposition. 1865Morning Star 15 Mar., The Gulf States or their representatives in Congress,..killed the bill or overslaughed it for the time by voting against it. 1872W. Mathews Getting on in World 89 (Cent.) Society is everywhere overslaughed with institutions. |