| 释义 |
▪ I. outwork, n.|ˈaʊtwɜːk|
[out- 1, 3.]
1. Any part of the fortifications of a place lying outside the parapet; any detached or advanced work forming part of the defence of a place; an outer defence or outfort.
1639Massinger Unnat. Combat v. ii, Our outworks are surprized, the sentinel slain. 1642Chas. I Message to Both Houses 11 July, Out-works to defend the Town. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. vi. 190 This fort..had neither ditch nor outwork. 1766Entick London IV. 327 The tower is light, supported by outworks at the angles. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xvi. III. 679 Cork was vigorously attacked. Outwork after outwork was rapidly carried.
b. transf. and fig.
c1615Bacon Advice to Sir G. Villiers v. §7 Wks. 1872 VI. 44 The care of our out-work, the Navy Royal and shipping of the kingdom, which are the walls thereof. 1622Donne Lett. (1651) 134 All our moralities are but our outworks, our Christianity is our citadel. 1872Liddon Elem. Relig. ii. 65 Belief in creation is a necessary outwork of any true theism whatever.
†2. An extra dish served as a relish; an hors-d'œuvre. Obs.
1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. I. iii. 69 A pretty Basket well fill'd with the choice eating Fruits of the Season,..which in the Courts of Kings and Princes, is called the Hors-d'oeuvre, or the Out-work. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Anchovy, You may..serve it up to Table for an Out⁓work, with Orange and fry'd Parsley.
3. Work upon the outside or exterior of anything.
1691Lond. Gaz. No. 2655/4 A Golden Sword drawn with some Outworks upon the Head and Shell. 1716–17in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 223 For the workemen in fitting up the six chambers their out work, in his new Addition to his Refronting the Coll. wth freestone.
4. (out-work.) Work done outside, i.e. out of doors, out of the house, out of the shop or factory, etc.; in Cricket = out-fielding.
1793Smeaton Edystone L. Contents 10 Commencement of the Outwork of the ensuing Season. 1813R. Kerr Agric. Surv. Berw. xv. 420 What is called out-work, as helping to fill muck carts, spreading the muck, setting and hoeing potatoes [etc.]. 1899Westm. Gaz. 3 June 7/1 He cordially joined in I―'s pæan over the out-work of the 'Varsity. ‘The fielding of the Oxonians has been grand.’
▪ II. outwork, v.|aʊtˈwɜːk|
[out- 15, 15 b, 21, 18.]
1. trans.
†a. To bring out as a result of work, to produce (obs.);
b. To work out to a conclusion; to complete. (poetic.)
c1250Gen. & Ex. 4144 Ydolatrie..ofte ut wroȝte hem sorȝes dref. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vii. 65 For now three dayes of men were full outwrought, Since he this hardy enterprize began. 1901T. Hardy Mute Opinion 14, I saw, in web unbroken, Its history outwrought.
†2. To excel in work or workmanship. Obs.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe Wks. (Grosart) V. 253, I do not thinke but all the Smiths in London, Norwich, or Yorke..would enuy him, if they could not outworke him. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. ii. ii. 206 She did lye In her Pauillion..O're-picturing that Venus, where we see The fancie out-work Nature. 1782H. More Belshazzar ii. Dramas 175 Thou hast out-wrought the pattern he bequeath'd thee, And quite outgone example.
3. To surpass or outdo in working; to work more strenuously or faster than.
1611B. Jonson Catiline iii. iii, But, in your violent acts, The fall of torrents and the noise of tempests,..Be all out⁓wrought by your transcendant furies. 1647Trapp Comm. Rev. xii. 12 He makes all haste he can to outwork the children of light. 1880A. H. Huth Buckle II. 171 Captain Cook found that his sailors could outwork the islanders. |